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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization
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Bilingual exposure influences infant VOT perception.

Liquan Liu1, René Kager1

  • 1Utrecht Institute of Linguistics OTS, Utrecht University, Trans 10, 3512 JK, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Infant Behavior & Development
|January 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Infant language background significantly impacts voice onset time (VOT) perception. Bilingual infants show perceptual turbulence early on, while perception stabilizes for all by 11 months.

Keywords:
BilingualismInfant speech perceptionLanguage dominancePerceptual tuningPerceptual turbulenceVoice onset time

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Auditory Perception

Background:

  • Voice onset time (VOT) is crucial for speech sound discrimination.
  • Infant language background is known to influence speech perception development.
  • Understanding early VOT perception in monolingual and bilingual infants is key to language acquisition research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how language background affects the perception of VOT contrasts in infants.
  • To examine perceptual changes in Dutch monolingual and bilingual infants aged 8-15 months.
  • To identify developmental trajectories of VOT perception influenced by language exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study tracking infants from 8 to 15 months.
  • Focus on perception of two specific VOT contrasts: /b/-/p/ and /p(h)/-/p/.
  • Comparison between Dutch monolingual and bilingual infant groups.

Main Results:

  • Language exposure and dominance significantly shaped VOT perceptual patterns in both groups.
  • Bilingual infants exhibited perceptual turbulence between 8-9 months.
  • Perception stabilized for all infants by 11 months of age.

Conclusions:

  • Infant VOT perception is driven by language input in both monolingual and bilingual development.
  • Bilingual infants experience a period of perceptual turbulence in the second half of their first year.
  • Early language exposure plays a critical role in shaping auditory perception for speech sounds.