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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

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Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Neuroimaging-Guided TMS–EEG for Real-Time Cortical Network Mapping
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Neuroimaging-Guided TMS–EEG for Real-Time Cortical Network Mapping

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TMS brain mapping in less than two minutes.

Mark van de Ruit1, Matthijs J L Perenboom2, Michael J Grey3

  • 1NIHR Surgical Reconstruction and Microbiology Research Centre, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK; MRC-ARUK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK.

Brain Stimulation
|January 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study optimized transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) corticospinal excitability mapping by reducing stimuli and interstimulus intervals (ISIs). Reliable maps can now be acquired in 2 minutes, enhancing the study of brain plasticity.

Keywords:
Corticospinal excitabilityMotor learningPlasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Neurorehabilitation

Background:

  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) corticospinal excitability mapping is crucial for studying brain plasticity.
  • Traditional mapping is time-consuming, limiting its use in dynamic conditions like motor learning or clinical settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To significantly reduce the time required for acquiring reliable TMS corticospinal excitability maps.
  • To determine the minimum interstimulus interval (ISI) and number of stimuli for efficient mapping.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized frameless stereotaxy for precise coil positioning during pseudorandom movement.
  • Acquired maps with varying ISIs (1-4s) and determined minimum stimuli through random data extraction.
  • Validated the pseudorandom walk method against traditional mapping techniques.

Main Results:

  • Reliable TMS maps were achievable with as few as 63 stimuli and a 1s ISI.
  • The pseudorandom walk mapping method yielded results comparable to traditional approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Recommended using 80 stimuli with a 1.5s ISI for robust mapping, accounting for variability and participant comfort.
  • This optimized protocol enables TMS map acquisition in just 2 minutes, facilitating research on cortical organization changes.