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Updated: Apr 19, 2026
Methods for Quantitative Detection of Antibody-induced Complement Activation on Red Blood Cells
Published on: January 29, 2014
Detection of granulocyte-reactive antibodies: a comparison of different methods
M W Heinzl1, M Schönbacher, E-M Dauber
1Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Background And Objectives:
Granulocyte-reactive antibodies can cause autoimmune and neonatal immune neutropenias as well as transfusion-related acute lung injury. The classical antibody-detection methods granulocyte aggregation test (GAT), granulocyte immunofluorescence test (GIFT) and monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of granulocyte antigens (MAIGA) are time-consuming and technically challenging. In recent years, flow cytometric white blood cell immunofluorescence test (Flow-WIFT) and the microbeads assay LabScreen® Multi have emerged and are still subject of evaluation. These serological tests were compared on a screening and specification level.
Materials And Methods:
For screening, the combination of GAT/GIFT was compared to Flow-WIFT testing 333 samples. Positive samples were further analysed with MAIGA and LabScreen® Multi.
Results:
Granulocyte aggregation test/GIFT detected 77 positive samples, Flow-WIFT found 108 granulocyte-reactive samples. Six Samples were only positive in GAT/GIFT, and 37 samples were only positive in Flow-WIFT (κ = 0.682). Antibody specification with MAIGA and the microbeads assay confirmed granulocyte-reactivity in 83 cases with 70 matching results (κ = 0.742). However, out of six detected human neutrophil antigen (HNA) reactivities only two specificities matched in both assays.
Conclusion:
Flow-WIFT may be a valuable addition to GIFT for granulocyte-reactive antibody screening. MAIGA remains the most reliable laboratory method for antibody specification.
