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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

Muscles that Move the Arm

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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Arthroscopic Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Whole Rotator Cable Reconstruction Using Proximal Biceps Tendon Autograft
07:22

Arthroscopic Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Whole Rotator Cable Reconstruction Using Proximal Biceps Tendon Autograft

Published on: June 6, 2025

915

Management of rotator cuff tears.

Christopher C Schmidt1, Claudius D Jarrett1, Brandon T Brown1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Emory Orthopaedic Center, Emory University of Hospitals, Atlanta, GA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.

The Journal of Hand Surgery
|January 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Rotator cuff disease affects millions annually. Predicting tear progression is challenging, but treatment options range from conservative care to surgical repair and revision, offering solutions for various patient needs.

Keywords:
Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC)irreparable tearsnatural historyrecurrent tearsrotator cuff tears

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Modified Long Head of Biceps Tendon Rerouting and Fixation as Partial Capsular Reconstruction for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears
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Modified Long Head of Biceps Tendon Rerouting and Fixation as Partial Capsular Reconstruction for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears

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A Novel Arthroscopic Medial Knot-Tying Suture-Bridge Repair with Rip-Stop Technique for Rotator Cuff Tears
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A Novel Arthroscopic Medial Knot-Tying Suture-Bridge Repair with Rip-Stop Technique for Rotator Cuff Tears

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Arthroscopic Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Whole Rotator Cable Reconstruction Using Proximal Biceps Tendon Autograft
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915
Modified Long Head of Biceps Tendon Rerouting and Fixation as Partial Capsular Reconstruction for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears
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Modified Long Head of Biceps Tendon Rerouting and Fixation as Partial Capsular Reconstruction for Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears

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535
A Novel Arthroscopic Medial Knot-Tying Suture-Bridge Repair with Rip-Stop Technique for Rotator Cuff Tears
06:41

A Novel Arthroscopic Medial Knot-Tying Suture-Bridge Repair with Rip-Stop Technique for Rotator Cuff Tears

Published on: January 13, 2026

329

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Musculoskeletal Disorders

Background:

  • Shoulder pain impacts millions of Americans yearly, with rotator cuff disease being a common cause.
  • Rotator cuff tear progression is unpredictable, influenced by factors like age, symptoms, and tendon involvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of rotator cuff tear progression.
  • To outline effective treatment strategies for rotator cuff tears, including surgical and nonsurgical options.
  • To discuss management of recurrent tears and irreparable rotator cuff disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of rotator cuff disease, tear progression, and treatment outcomes.
  • Analysis of factors influencing rotator cuff tear enlargement.
  • Evaluation of surgical and nonsurgical management approaches.

Main Results:

  • Predicting rotator cuff tear progression is difficult; factors like age and symptom severity play a role.
  • Nonsurgical treatments can be effective for full-thickness tears; surgical repair is an alternative when conservative methods fail.
  • Revision surgery offers satisfactory outcomes for recurrent tears, while irreparable tears may benefit from addressing biceps pathology or partial repairs.

Conclusions:

  • Rotator cuff disease management requires individualized treatment plans based on tear characteristics and patient factors.
  • Surgical interventions, including revision surgery, provide reliable solutions for rotator cuff tears.
  • Advanced techniques and alternative procedures can manage irreparable tears and associated pathologies, improving patient function.