Several food items and multiple sclerosis: A case-control study in Ahvaz (Iran)

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Epidemiology
• Nutritional Science

Background:

• Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex central nervous system inflammatory disease with an unknown etiology.
• Nurses play a role in identifying and preventing factors associated with MS.
• This study investigated dietary factors in the etiology of MS within the Ahvaz population.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine the association between consumption of specific food items and the risk of developing multiple sclerosis.
• To identify potential dietary protective factors and risk factors for MS in a specific Iranian population.

Main Methods:

• A case-control study involving 113 MS patients and 113 healthy controls.
• Food consumption data collected via interviews using a standardized questionnaire.
• Statistical analysis included descriptive and inferential tests (logistic regression, multivariate conditional logistic regression).

Main Results:

• Univariate analysis indicated associations between MS and consumption of solid vegetable oil, fruits, vegetables, dates, and low-fat dairy.
• Multivariate analysis revealed a protective role for frequent consumption ( >5 times/week) of fruits and low-fat dairy.
• Solid vegetable oil consumption was significantly associated with an increased risk of MS.

Conclusions:

• Frequent consumption of fruits and low-fat dairy may have a protective effect against MS.
• Consumption of solid vegetable oils is associated with an elevated risk of MS in the studied population.
• Dietary modifications could be a potential avenue for MS prevention strategies.