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Techniques for dental implant nanosurface modifications.

Preeti Pachauri1, Lakshmana Rao Bathala2, Rajashekar Sangur1

  • 1Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Rama Dental College-Hospital & Research Centre, Kanpur, India.

The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
|January 6, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Nanoscale surface modifications on titanium dental implants enhance osseointegration by improving osteoblast adhesion and bone contact. Various techniques can create these nano-features for better dental implant success.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Implantology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Titanium dental implants face osseointegration challenges due to material property differences with bone.
  • Current endosseous implants utilize nanoscale surface characteristics to improve biological integration.
  • Osseointegration, the direct structural and functional connection between bone and implant, is critical for implant success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of nanotopography on titanium dental implant surfaces for enhanced osseointegration.
  • To summarize techniques used to generate nanoscale topographic features on titanium implants.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic electronic literature search (Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar) from December 1987 to January 2012.
  • Inclusion/exclusion criteria applied to 101 initially analyzed articles.
Keywords:
Chemical vapor depositionEngineered surfaceIntelligent surfacesOsseointegrationSputteringSuperhydrophillic

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  • Final analysis included 39 selected peer-reviewed articles.

    • Main Results:

    • Increased surface roughness correlated with enhanced bone-implant contact in seven studies.
    • Osteoblast adhesion was significantly higher on nanostructured surfaces compared to smooth surfaces in eight studies.
    • Thirteen studies detailed various techniques for producing nano roughness on implant surfaces.

    Conclusions:

    • Nanoscale modification of dental implants can positively alter biological responses.
    • Surface nanotopography holds potential for improving osseointegration and advancing dental implant procedures.