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Are all species necessary to reveal ecologically important patterns?

Edwin Pos1, Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino2, Daniel Sabatier3

  • 1Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Utrecht University Utrecht, the Netherlands ; Section Botany, Naturalis Biodiversity Center Leiden, the Netherlands.

Ecology and Evolution
|January 6, 2015
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Summary

Ecological analyses remain reliable even with unidentified species records. Using identified morpho-species (IMS) accurately predicts results from complete datasets, suggesting robustness in ecological patterns.

Keywords:
Beta-diversityFisher's alphaMantel testindetslarge-scale ecological patternsmorpho-speciesnonmetric multidimensional scalingsimilarity of species compositionspatial turnover

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Biodiversity Research
  • Data Analysis

Background:

  • Large-scale ecological studies often contain unidentified specimens (unidentified morpho-species - UMS).
  • The impact of omitting UMS on ecological analysis reliability is largely unknown.
  • Identifying all specimens is resource-intensive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the consequences of omitting UMS in ecological analyses.
  • To determine if identified morpho-species (IMS) alone can reliably represent complete datasets (all morpho-species - AMS).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized three large-scale independent datasets (Guyana/Suriname, French Guiana, Ecuador).
  • Compared analyses using complete datasets (AMS) versus subsets containing only IMS.
  • Performed species diversity, similarity, Mantel, and ordination (NMDS) analyses.
  • Simulated increased proportions of UMS to test robustness.

Main Results:

  • Analyses using IMS subsets yielded extremely similar results to those using complete AMS datasets.
  • IMS predicted over 91% of the variation in AMS across all analyses.
  • IMS performed better than genus-level identifications for similarity analyses.
  • Results remained robust even when simulating a higher fraction of UMS.

Conclusions:

  • Ecological patterns and composition similarities are robust to the presence of unidentified specimens.
  • Omitting UMS in large-scale ecological datasets may not significantly affect analytical conclusions.
  • Identified morpho-species data can serve as a reliable proxy for complete datasets.