Angiotensin II and atrial natriuretic peptide in the brain: effects on volume and Na+ balance

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and angiotensin II (ANG II), although originally isolated from peripheral sources, are now known to be present in the central nervous system. The distribution of the peptides and their binding sites are found in areas involved in cardiovascular and volume/electrolyte regulation. Since ANP administered centrally can antagonize the actions of ANG II, the two peptides may function as opposing mechanisms involved in maintaining fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.