Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

752
Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual...
752
Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory01:26

Higher Mental Functions of Brain: Learning and Memory

2.4K
Memory is one of the most vital higher mental functions of the brain. Memory is closely related to learning because it enables us to retain information and experiences from our past to use them in our present life. It also helps us to remember facts, events, and skills, such as riding a bike or swimming. There are two types of memory — declarative memory, which involves memorizing facts or events, and procedural memory, which enables us to remember how to do something like writing or...
2.4K
Storage01:23

Storage

504
A schema is a mental framework that helps individuals organize and interpret information. Schemata, formed from previous experiences, influence how we process new information: how we encode it, the inferences we make, and how we retrieve it. For instance, a schema for what a typical classroom looks like might include desks, a teacher's desk, a whiteboard, and students in such an environment. This expectation helps us quickly understand and navigate new classrooms without needing to analyze...
504
Eyewitness Memory01:22

Eyewitness Memory

644
Eyewitness memory refers to the recollection of events by someone who has directly witnessed them, often serving as critical evidence in legal settings. This type of memory is commonly used in criminal cases where a witness describes details like a suspect's appearance, clothing, or behavior during a crime. However, despite its perceived reliability, eyewitness memory is prone to significant errors.
One such error is memory distortion, which occurs because human memory does not function...
644
Implicit Memories01:24

Implicit Memories

622
Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
One key aspect of implicit...
622
Autobiographical Memory01:14

Autobiographical Memory

7.3K
Autobiographical memory is a unique type of episodic memory that involves recollecting personal life experiences. It allows individuals to remember significant events from their past, creating a narrative of their lives. One interesting phenomenon related to autobiographical memory is the reminiscence bump. This effect refers to the tendency of adults to recall more events from their second and third decades of life — typically between ages 10 to 30 — than from other periods. This...
7.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Noradrenergic activation of the basolateral amygdala facilitates memory specificity for similar events experienced close in time.

Nature neuroscience·2025
Same author

Glucocorticoid effects on working memory impairment require l-type calcium channel activity within prefrontal cortex.

Neurobiology of learning and memory·2022
Same author

Editorial.

Neuroscience·2022
Same author

Basolateral amygdala activation enhances object recognition memory by inhibiting anterior insular cortex activity.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2022
Same author

The Entorhinal Cortex as a Gateway for Amygdala Influences on Memory Consolidation.

Neuroscience·2022
Same author

<i>NTRK2</i> methylation is related to reduced PTSD risk in two African cohorts of trauma survivors.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

12.7K

Consolidating memories.

James L McGaugh1

  • 1Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory and Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-3800;

Annual Review of Psychology
|January 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Emotional arousal enhances memory consolidation through neurobiological systems. Stress hormones and amygdala activation strengthen lasting memories, reflecting their emotional significance.

Keywords:
Autobiographyamygdalaarousalcorticosteroneepinephrinenorepinephrinestress

More Related Videos

Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory
08:08

Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory

Published on: June 18, 2014

27.6K
A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
08:05

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood
08:20

Measuring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Sleep-Dependent Memory Consolidation During Naps in Early Childhood

Published on: October 2, 2019

12.7K
Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory
08:08

Eye Tracking, Cortisol, and a Sleep vs. Wake Consolidation Delay: Combining Methods to Uncover an Interactive Effect of Sleep and Cortisol on Memory

Published on: June 18, 2014

27.6K
A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers
08:05

A Prediction Error-driven Retrieval Procedure for Destabilizing and Rewriting Maladaptive Reward Memories in Hazardous Drinkers

Published on: January 5, 2018

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • Emotional experiences are known to form lasting memories.
  • Research investigates the neurobiological basis of emotional arousal's impact on memory consolidation.
  • Early studies showed stimulant drugs enhanced memory in rats post-training.

Discussion:

  • Adrenal stress hormones activated by learning enhance memory consolidation.
  • Stress hormone activation of the amygdala is implicated in this memory enhancement.
  • The basolateral amygdala modulates memory consolidation through projections to memory-related brain regions.

Key Insights:

  • Emotional arousal strengthens memory consolidation via specific neurobiological pathways.
  • The amygdala plays a crucial role in processing emotionally significant memories.
  • This system ensures memory strength aligns with emotional importance.

Outlook:

  • Further research can explore therapeutic interventions targeting this system.
  • Understanding these mechanisms could inform treatments for memory disorders.
  • Investigating individual differences in emotional memory processing is warranted.