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Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Efficient and Scalable Directed Differentiation of Clinically Compatible Corneal Limbal Epithelial Stem Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Limbal epithelial stem-microenvironmental alteration leads to pterygium development.

Prosun Das1, Arjun Gokani, Ketaki Bagchi

  • 1Stem Cell Research and Application Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine, 108 C R Avenue, Kolkata, 700073, India.

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
|January 7, 2015
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Summary

Pterygium is linked to changes in the limbal stem cell niche, causing ocular surface issues. This study reveals a disrupted stem-microenvironmental network, leading to abnormal cell growth in the cornea.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Tissue Homeostasis

Background:

  • Tissue homeostasis depends on regulated stem cell activity within a specific microenvironment.
  • Dysregulation of the stem cell niche can lead to disease development.
  • Limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) are crucial for maintaining corneal integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate microenvironmental alterations in LESCs during pterygium development compared to healthy corneas.
  • To understand the relationship between stem cells and their niche in the context of ocular surface disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical evaluation of pterygium patients for ocular surface abnormalities.
  • Histology and scanning electron microscopy to assess structural changes in LESCs and their niche.
  • Analysis of gene and receptor expression (TGFβ-R1, EGF-R1, IL6-Rα, IL2-Rα, TERT, Cyclin-D1, PCNA).

Main Results:

  • Pterygium exhibited ocular surface disorders including corneal vascularization and limbal thickening.
  • Structural abnormalities were observed in LESCs and niche components.
  • Aberrant expression of key receptors (TGFβ-R1, EGF-R1, IL6-Rα, IL2-Rα) indicated a disrupted stem-microenvironmental network.
  • Increased expression of proliferation markers (TERT, Cyclin-D1, PCNA) in pterygium epithelial cells.

Conclusions:

  • Pterygium is associated with limbal microenvironmental anomalies.
  • The stem-microenvironmental network is disrupted in pterygium, leading to hyperproliferation of limbal epithelial cells.
  • This disruption contributes to the pathogenesis of pterygium and loss of corneal homeostasis.