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Related Concept Videos

Vaccine Production01:23

Vaccine Production

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Vaccine production involves a sequence of upstream and downstream processes to generate a safe and effective immunological product. It begins with cultivating microorganisms, such as viruses or bacteria, to obtain antigenic material. For viral vaccines, mammalian host cells are grown in bioreactors and subsequently infected with the target virus. The virus replicates within the host cells, which are lysed to release viral particles. This lysate is then clarified through filtration or...
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Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the...
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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Multiplexed Isothermal Amplification Based Diagnostic Platform to Detect Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue 1
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Dengue vaccines: challenges, development, current status and prospects.

A Ghosh, L Dar1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology
|January 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Dengue virus (DENV) is a major global health threat. Developing a safe and effective dengue vaccine is a public health priority, despite complex immunopathology and development challenges.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Dengue virus (DENV) is a rapidly spreading mosquito-borne illness with a spectrum from mild fever to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS).
  • Severe dengue outbreaks strain health services and cause significant economic losses.
  • Current control relies on vector management, which is insufficient to reduce transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the urgent need for a dengue vaccine as a supplementary control measure.
  • To discuss the challenges and progress in dengue vaccine development.
  • To identify factors necessary for the future implementation of dengue vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current dengue virus (DENV) epidemiology and clinical manifestations.
  • Analysis of challenges in dengue vaccine development, including immunopathology and lack of animal models.
  • Overview of various dengue vaccine candidates in development (live attenuated, chimeric, inactivated, subunit, DNA, viral-vectored).

Main Results:

  • Several dengue vaccine candidates have advanced to human trials (Phase II and III).
  • Significant hurdles remain, including complex immunopathology, lack of predictive animal models, and absence of correlates of protection.
  • Implementation issues, particularly in endemic countries like India, require further consideration.

Conclusions:

  • A safe, effective, and cost-effective dengue vaccine is a high public health priority.
  • Collaborative efforts between regulatory bodies (e.g., WHO), manufacturers, and policymakers are crucial.
  • Continued research and standardized field trials are essential to make a dengue vaccine a reality.