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A Practical Guide to Phylogenetics for Nonexperts

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Published on: February 5, 2014

A new dynamic null model for phylogenetic community structure.

Alex L Pigot¹, Rampal S Etienne

¹Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies, University of Groningen, Box 11103, 9700 CC, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.

Ecology Letters

|January 7, 2015

Summary

A new dynamic null model reveals that evolutionary history, not just species interactions, shapes ecological communities. This approach better explains phylogenetic patterns in birds and primates.

Keywords:

Colonisation community assembly extinction null model phylogeny speciation traits

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Evolutionary Biology
Community Phylogenetics

Background:

Phylogenetic community ecology uses evolutionary history to understand community assembly.
Current methods rely on statistical null models that neglect historical assembly processes.
This limitation hinders accurate identification of ecological community structuring mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a dynamic null model incorporating speciation, colonization, and extinction.
To re-evaluate community assembly by accounting for historical processes.
To test if dynamic assembly explains observed phylogenetic patterns in South American birds and primates.

Main Methods:

Developed a dynamic null model simulating community assembly via allopatric speciation, colonization, and local extinction.
Compared community structures generated by the dynamic model to those from classical statistical null models.
Applied the dynamic null model to empirical phylogenetic data of South American bird and primate communities.

Main Results:

The dynamic null model predicts altered community structures compared to statistical null models.
Speciation in the dynamic model leads to phylogenetic overdispersion.
Observed phylogenetic overdispersion in bird and primate communities is consistent with the dynamic neutral model, not necessarily negative biotic interactions.

Conclusions:

Explicitly modeling historical assembly processes (speciation, colonization, extinction) is crucial for understanding community structure.
Phylogenetic overdispersion patterns can arise from neutral processes of speciation and dispersal, challenging interpretations based solely on biotic interactions.
The developed dynamic null model provides a more realistic expectation for phylogenetic community patterns.