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Modeling raindrop strike performance on copper wash-off from vine leaves
P Pérez-Rodríguez1, D Soto-Gómez2, J E López-Periago2
1Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain; SIMBIOS Centre, University of Abertay Dundee, Kydd Building, 40 Bell Street, Dundee DD1 1HG, Scotland, UK.
Journal of Environmental Management
|January 7, 2015
Summary
Rainfall can wash copper fungicides off vine leaves, with most losses being particulate copper (CuP) and a smaller fraction being soluble copper (CuS). A new model using a Poisson point process helps predict these agricultural chemical losses.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Chemistry
- Agricultural Science
- Soil Science
Background:
- Copper-based fungicides are widely used in viticulture.
- Foliar-applied copper can be lost from plant surfaces due to rainfall, leading to environmental contamination.
- Understanding wash-off dynamics is crucial for managing non-point source pollution.
Purpose of the Study:
- To quantify the losses of particulate copper (CuP) and soluble copper (CuS) from vine leaves due to simulated rainfall.
- To model the temporal dynamics of copper wash-off using a Poisson point process.
- To investigate the influence of raindrop kinetic energy on copper loss.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a single-drop rainfall simulator to mimic natural rainfall events on treated vine leaves.
- Analyzed wash-off using a Poisson point process model to estimate detachment rates.
- Quantified total copper (CuT), particulate copper (CuP), and soluble copper (CuS) before and after simulated rainfall.
Main Results:
- Maximum detachment rates were estimated at 0.82 ng CuP and 0.033 ng CuS per raindrop.
- Foliar copper content decreased by 0.6 g kg(-1) after wash-off.
- Particulate copper accounted for 75-90% of total copper loss, while soluble copper accounted for 10-25%.
- Raindrop kinetic energy significantly affected soluble copper loss but not particulate copper loss.
Conclusions:
- The study provides quantitative data on copper fungicide wash-off from vine leaves.
- The Poisson point process model offers a valuable tool for simulating non-point source pollution from agricultural chemicals.
- Effective management strategies are needed to minimize copper runoff and environmental impact.
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