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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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RNA Blot Analysis for the Detection and Quantification of Plant MicroRNAs
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microRNA evolution and expression analysis in polyploidized cotton genome.

Fuliang Xie1, Baohong Zhang

  • 1Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.

Plant Biotechnology Journal
|January 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Polyploidization in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) led to the loss and retention of microRNAs (miRNAs). Cotton-specific miRNAs expanded, increasing overall miRNA numbers and impacting gene regulation and fibre development.

Keywords:
cottonevolutiongene duplicationgene regulationmicroRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Molecular evolution
  • Small RNA biology

Background:

  • Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is a vital tetraploid fiber crop.
  • Whole-genome duplication in cotton influenced gene evolution but miRNA roles are understudied.
  • Understanding miRNA evolution is crucial for polyploid plant development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate microRNA (miRNA) evolution in upland cotton (G. hirsutum) and its diploid ancestors (G. arboreum and G. raimondii).
  • Characterize the origin and expression patterns of miRNAs in polyploid cotton.
  • Determine the functional roles of miRNAs in cotton development.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative genomics of G. hirsutum, G. arboreum, and G. raimondii genomes.
  • Systematic investigation of microRNA (miRNA) identification and classification.
  • Analysis of miRNA and miRNA* expression patterns.
  • Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis.

Main Results:

  • Genome polyploidization resulted in the loss and retention of conserved microRNAs (miRNAs).
  • Cotton-specific miRNAs significantly expanded, increasing the overall miRNA repertoire in upland cotton.
  • Genome-derived miRNAs exhibited asymmetric expression, suggesting diverse regulatory functions.
  • A-genome derived miRNAs are potentially key regulators of ovule and fiber development.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNA (miRNA) evolution is a significant factor in the adaptation and development of polyploid cotton.
  • The differential retention, loss, and expansion of miRNAs contribute to the unique traits of upland cotton.
  • Specific miRNAs, particularly A-derived ones, play critical roles in essential agricultural traits like fiber production.