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Related Concept Videos

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory Sequences

Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Using SCOPE to Identify Potential Regulatory Motifs in Coregulated Genes

Using SCOPE to Identify Potential Regulatory Motifs in Coregulated Genes

Published on: May 31, 2011

Identification and computational analysis of gene regulatory elements.

Leila Taher¹, Leelavati Narlikar², Ivan Ovcharenko³

¹Computational Biology Branch, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894 Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, University of Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany.

Cold Spring Harbor Protocols

|January 7, 2015

Summary

Genomic research has advanced significantly due to new sequencing and computational tools, enabling comprehensive analysis of the human genome. Understanding its complex functional regions requires integrating diverse data and methods for future research.

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Last Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Using SCOPE to Identify Potential Regulatory Motifs in Coregulated Genes

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Published on: May 31, 2011

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High-throughput Identification of Gene Regulatory Sequences Using Next-generation Sequencing of Circular Chromosome Conformation Capture 4C-seq

High-throughput Identification of Gene Regulatory Sequences Using Next-generation Sequencing of Circular Chromosome Conformation Capture 4C-seq

Published on: October 5, 2018

Area of Science:

Genomics
Bioinformatics
Computational Biology

Background:

Genomic research has been revolutionized by experimental and computational technology advancements over the past 20 years.
Next-generation sequencing and sophisticated computational methods have made large-scale genome sequencing and annotation more accessible and accurate.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the approaches used in understanding the complex landscape of the human genome.
To provide an overview of publicly available datasets and computational tools for genomic research.

Main Methods:

Comparative genomics
High-throughput biological experiments
Machine learning approaches
Accurate annotation of genomic DNA sequences

Main Results:

Functional genome charting now includes coding sequences, noncoding RNAs, repetitive elements, chromatin states, epigenetic modifications, and gene regulatory elements.
A global effort integrating various methods has led to a deeper understanding of the human genome's complexity.

Conclusions:

Advances in technology and methodology have greatly facilitated genomic research.
The described approaches and resources aim to benefit researchers working with large and complex genomes.