Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 19, 2026

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production
08:32

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production

Published on: March 2, 2014

11.0K

Cyclo(Phe-Pro) produced by the human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus inhibits host innate immune responses through the

Kiwan Kim1, Na-Jeong Kim1, So Young Kim1

  • 1Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea.

Infection and Immunity
|January 7, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Cyclo(Phe-Pro) from Vibrio vulnificus suppresses host innate immunity by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. This bacterial metabolite aids pathogen survival and propagation within the host environment.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cyclo(Phe-Pro) (cFP) is a bacterial secondary metabolite with known roles in bacterial communication.
  • The impact of cFP on host immune responses remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of cFP produced by the human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus in modulating innate immune responses.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which cFP affects the host immune system.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated cFP's effect on cytokine, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species production in LPS-stimulated macrophages.
  • Analyzed the impact of cFP on the NF-κB signaling pathway, including IKK phosphorylation, IκBα degradation, and NF-κB translocation.
  • Identified the gene responsible for cFP production in V. vulnificus (VVMO6_03017) and created a deletion mutant.

Main Results:

  • cFP significantly suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production, nitric oxide, and reactive oxygen species in macrophages.
  • cFP inhibited key components of the NF-κB pathway: IKK phosphorylation, IκBα degradation, and NF-κB nuclear translocation.
  • Deletion of the VVMO6_03017 gene reduced cFP production and decreased V. vulnificus virulence in a mouse model.

Conclusions:

  • Vibrio vulnificus-derived cFP actively suppresses host innate immune responses.
  • cFP interferes with the NF-κB signaling pathway, facilitating pathogen survival and proliferation.
  • The gene VVMO6_03017 is crucial for cFP production and contributes to V. vulnificus virulence.

More Related Videos

NF-κB-dependent Luciferase Activation and Quantification of Gene Expression in Salmonella Infected Tissue Culture Cells10:57

NF-κB-dependent Luciferase Activation and Quantification of Gene Expression in Salmonella Infected Tissue Culture Cells

Published on: January 12, 2020

11.4K
Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling09:51

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling

Published on: July 26, 2017

13.1K

Related Concept Videos

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
10.9K
Cells of the Innate Immune Response01:28

Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes police the peripheral tissues by removing cellular debris and responding to the invasion of foreign substances or pathogens. Many phagocytes attack and remove microorganisms even before lymphocytes detect them. The human body has two general...
10.9K
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
47
NF-kB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-kB-dependent Signaling Pathway

2.6K
Gastritis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...
2
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
8.5K