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Updated: Apr 19, 2026
A Precision Medicine Tool for Measurement and Monitoring of Hemoglobin S in Sickle Cell Disease Patients Receiving Transfusion Therapy
Clinical biomarkers in sickle cell disease
Ghazi A Damanhouri1, Jummanah Jarullah1, Samy Marouf2
1Hematology Research Lab, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Insights
Sickle cell disease (SCD) biomarkers aid in understanding disease mechanisms. This review highlights the need for validated panels to track clinical manifestations and identify SCD sub-phenotypes.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Hematology
- Genetics
Background:
- Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a monogenic hereditary blood disorder.
- Numerous blood and urine biomarkers are linked to SCD's clinical and laboratory findings.
- These biomarkers offer insights into SCD's complex pathophysiology, including hypercoagulability, hemolysis, and inflammation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current role of biochemical markers in SCD.
- To assess the contribution of biomarkers to understanding clinical manifestations.
- To explore the utility of biomarkers in identifying SCD sub-phenotypes.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of biochemical markers in sickle cell disease.
- Analysis of studies correlating biomarkers with clinical presentation.
- Evaluation of biomarker panels for sub-phenotype identification.
Main Results:
- Biomarkers are associated with various SCD-related mechanisms like oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction.
- Existing biomarkers provide valuable information on disease processes.
- A need exists for a validated panel of biomarkers for SCD management.
Conclusions:
- Biochemical markers are crucial for understanding SCD.
- Validated biomarker panels are essential for improved clinical management and sub-phenotyping.
- Further research is needed to establish comprehensive biomarker strategies for SCD.
Abstract:
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary blood disorder caused by a single gene. Various blood and urine biomarkers have been identified in SCD which are associated with laboratory and medical history. Biomarkers have been proven helpful in identifying different interconnected disease-causing mechanisms of SCD, including hypercoagulability, hemolysis, inflammation, oxidative stress, vasculopathy, reperfusion injury and reduced vasodilatory responses in endothelium, to name just a few. However, there exists a need to establish a panel of validated blood and urine biomarkers in SCD. This paper reviews the current contribution of biochemical markers associated with clinical manifestation and identification of sub-phenotypes in SCD.
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