Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Timing and Consequences on Behavior01:08

Timing and Consequences on Behavior

797
In operant conditioning, the timing of reinforcement is crucial. For animals like rats and cats, immediate reinforcement (within a few seconds) is much more effective than delayed reinforcement. For example, a food reward for a rat needs to follow within 30 seconds of pressing a bar to be effective. 
Humans, however, can respond to delayed reinforcers. We often make decisions between immediate small rewards and delayed larger rewards. This ability to delay gratification is a significant...
797
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

7.8K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
7.8K
Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

1.3K
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
1.3K
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

5.9K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
5.9K
Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

7.5K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
7.5K
Incentive Theory: Pull Theory of Motivation01:18

Incentive Theory: Pull Theory of Motivation

1.4K
Incentive theory, or the "pull theory" of motivation, suggests that external rewards primarily drive behavior. Individuals are motivated to engage in activities when they anticipate a desirable outcome. This is why people often work hard for promotions or study intensively to achieve high grades. These incentives can be tangible, physical rewards such as money or promotions, or intangible, non-physical rewards like praise and social recognition.
The theory differentiates between...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Precision Mass Measurements Reveal Low Neutron Pairing in Tin beyond N=82 and Its Impact on Stellar Nucleosynthesis.

Physical review letters·2025
Same author

OUTPACE: Outcomes of urinary incontinence treatment in primary care - APP co-management and electronic consult.

Contemporary clinical trials·2025
Same author

NLX-112, a highly selective 5-HT<sub>1A</sub> receptor biased agonist, does not exhibit misuse potential in male rats or macaques.

Neuropharmacology·2022
Same author

Correction to: Bisphosphonates and mortality: confounding in observational studies.

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·2021
Same author

Characterization of transient noise in Advanced LIGO relevant to gravitational wave signal GW150914.

Classical and quantum gravity·2020
Same author

GW150914: First results from the search for binary black hole coalescence with Advanced LIGO.

Physical review. D. (2016)·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.3K

Dopaminergic function and intertemporal choice.

J Joutsa1, V Voon2, J Johansson1

  • 1Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.

Translational Psychiatry
|January 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Temporal discounting, or the devaluation of delayed rewards, is linked to dopamine function in the brain. Impaired temporal discounting in addiction and Parkinson's disease correlates with altered dopamine receptor binding and release in key brain areas.

More Related Videos

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
07:47

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

16.2K
Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
07:07

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice

Published on: June 5, 2016

9.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

1.3K
Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task
07:47

Measuring Delay Discounting in Humans Using an Adjusting Amount Task

Published on: January 9, 2016

16.2K
Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
07:07

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice

Published on: June 5, 2016

9.3K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Temporal discounting, the devaluation of delayed rewards, is crucial for decision-making and impaired in addiction and Parkinson's disease.
  • Dopaminergic function is implicated in temporal discounting, but direct evidence in the living human brain is lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between striatal dopamine function and temporal discounting using molecular imaging.
  • To assess dopaminergic function in pathological gamblers, Parkinson's disease patients, and those with medication-induced behavioral addictions.

Main Methods:

  • Positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C]raclopride and [18F]fluorodopa ligands.
  • Assessment of three patient populations with known temporal discounting impairments.

Main Results:

  • Pathological gamblers showed decreased ventral striatal binding potential and dopamine release, correlating with greater temporal discounting.
  • Parkinson's disease patients exhibited increased left caudate dopaminergic terminal function.
  • Combined Parkinson's disease and behavioral addiction patients displayed further increased dopaminergic terminal function in the anterior putamen.

Conclusions:

  • Striatal dopamine function is significantly related to temporal discounting behavior.
  • Altered dopamine pathways may underlie impaired decision-making in addiction and Parkinson's disease.
  • Findings offer insights into pathological disorders and treatment mechanisms.