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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization

Published on: October 24, 2025

Global fertility and population trends.

John Bongaarts¹

¹Population Council, New York, New York.

Seminars in Reproductive Medicine

|January 8, 2015

Summary

Global population has surged, with significant regional variations in fertility and aging. Poorest nations face rapid growth, while developed countries grapple with decline and aging populations, impacting human welfare and policy.

Area of Science:

Demography
Sociology
Public Policy

Background:

The world has experienced unprecedented demographic shifts over recent decades.
Key trends include changes in human population size, fertility rates, family structures, mortality, migration, urbanization, and population aging.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize historical trends and future projections in global fertility and population.
To highlight regional disparities in demographic changes and their implications.

Main Methods:

Analysis of historical demographic data.
Review of population projections to 2100.
Comparative regional analysis of demographic trends.

Main Results:

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Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Collection of Human Follicular Fluid, Follicle Somatic Cells, and Immature Oocytes from Individuals Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization

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Predicting the Effectiveness of Population Replacement Strategy Using Mathematical Modeling

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World population grew from 2.5 billion in 1950 to 7.2 billion in 2013, projected to reach 10.9 billion by 2100.

Rapid population growth and high fertility persist in low-income countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa.

Population decline, aging, and low fertility are significant concerns in many developed nations.

Conclusions:

Demographic trends have profound implications for human welfare.
Policy interventions are necessary to address adverse demographic trends and their consequences.
Regional differences in demographic trajectories require tailored policy responses.