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Related Experiment Video

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A Protocol for the Administration of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Training
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Tuning pathological brain oscillations with neurofeedback: a systems neuroscience framework.

Tomas Ros1, Bernard J Baars2, Ruth A Lanius3

  • 1Laboratory for Neurology and Imaging of Cognition, Department of Neurosciences, University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|January 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Neurofeedback (NFB) offers self-regulation of brain oscillations. This study proposes a neurophysiological framework, integrating neurobiology and dynamical systems, to explain NFB

Keywords:
brain computer interface (BCI)brain disordersbrain plasticitycriticalityelectroencephalography (EEG)magnetoencephalography (MEG)neurofeedbackneuromodulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Dynamical Systems Theory
  • Control Theory

Background:

  • Neurofeedback (NFB) shows clinical promise for self-regulating brain activity.
  • Existing explanations for NFB's efficacy lack a solid theoretical neurophysiological basis.
  • Traditional behaviorist models treat the brain as a 'black box', limiting mechanistic understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a contemporary theoretical framework for the mechanistic effects of NFB.
  • To provide a neurophysiological account of NFB, moving beyond descriptive interpretations.
  • To integrate concepts from neurobiology, engineering, and dynamical systems.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized evidence from neural synchronization, top-down regulation, and brain plasticity.
  • Applied dynamical systems and control-theoretic principles to NFB mechanisms.
  • Examined NFB's effects in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Main Results:

  • Pathological brain oscillations are linked to abnormal attractor landscape formation.
  • NFB is proposed to tune brain oscillations towards a homeostatic set-point.
  • This tuning optimizes the balance between network flexibility and stability (self-organized criticality).

Conclusions:

  • The proposed framework offers a neurophysiological explanation for NFB's efficacy.
  • NFB facilitates self-regulation by modulating brain network dynamics towards optimal states.
  • This approach advances understanding of NFB for conditions like ADHD and PTSD.