Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
26:48

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: July 4, 2007

19.0K

Refractory Fulminant Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in an Adult

Federico Rodríguez-Porcel1, Alejandro Hornik1, Jordan Rosenblum2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Loyola University Medical Center, Stritch School of Medicine , Maywood, IL , USA.

Frontiers in Neurology
|January 8, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a severe neurological condition. This case study details a fulminant ADEM presentation in an adult unresponsive to multiple treatments, highlighting the need for effective therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) presents with rapid neurological decline.
  • Current therapeutic strategies for ADEM lack robust evidence.
  • ADEM affects both children and adults with variable clinical manifestations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of fulminant adult ADEM.
  • To highlight treatment challenges in severe ADEM cases.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of an adult male patient.
  • Review of clinical presentation and treatment course.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with a severe, fulminant form of ADEM.
  • The condition was refractory to multiple therapeutic interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Fulminant ADEM in adults can be devastating and treatment-resistant.
  • Further research is needed to establish effective treatment protocols for severe ADEM.
Keywords:
acute disseminated encephalomyelitiscorticosteroidscyclophosphamideintravenous immunoglobulinplasmapheresisrituximab

More Related Videos

Direct Intrathecal Injection of Recombinant Adeno-associated Viruses in Adult Mice08:17

Direct Intrathecal Injection of Recombinant Adeno-associated Viruses in Adult Mice

Published on: February 15, 2019

40.4K
A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease04:23

A Murine Model of Dengue Virus-induced Acute Viral Encephalitis-like Disease

Published on: April 28, 2019

7.3K

Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
3
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
3
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
49
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial...
2
Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
3
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic...
2