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[Experimental study on anti-tumor effect and mechanism of green tea extract]
Xiao-Liang Liu1, Huan-Qiu Liu, Ji Li
1First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
Objective:
To explore anti-cancer effect and mechanism of green tea extract (GTE) in three human oral squamous carcinoma cell lines (CAL-27, SCC-25 and KB).
Methods:
The cell lines were in vitro cultured and its growth inhibition was detected by MTT. After screening most sensitive cell line, effect of GTE on CAL-27 cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein expression of GTE on CAL-27 cell strain was determined by protein chip technique. The protein expression of CDK4, CDK6, and p-PDK1 was verified by using Western blot.
Results:
Compared with the control group, the inhibition rate on CAL-27 increased significantly after treated by 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/mL GTE; the inhibition rate on KB increased after treated by 100, 200, and 400 μg/mL GTE; the inhibition rate on SCC-25 increased after treated by 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 μg/mL GTE, all with statistical difference and in dose dependant manner (P < 0.01). Flow cytometric analysis showed that, when compared with the control group, 50 μg/mL GTE arrested CAL-27 cells in the G2/M phase (P < 0.05), and 100 μg/mL GTE arrested CAL-27 cells in the G2/M phase with concurrent decreased cells in the G0/G1 phase (P < 0.01). Totally 107 proteins were analyzed by protein chip technique. After treated by GTE, a total of 13 proteins significantly changed in CAL-27 cell line. Western blot showed that 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL GTE inhibited the expression of phopho-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (p-PDK1), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), and CDK6 of CAL-27 cell line with statistical difference (P < 0.05). The higher the drug concentration, the higher the inhibition rate (P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
GTE could inhibit the proliferation of different human oral squamous carcinoma cell lines. CAL-27 is a sensitive cell line. GTE significantly affected EGFR and Notch signal network, and influenced changes of cell cycle related protein expression levels through the aforesaid channels, resulting in cell cycle arrest in S and G2/M phases.
Insights
Green tea extract (GTE) effectively inhibits oral squamous carcinoma cell growth, with CAL-27 cells being particularly sensitive. GTE impacts cell cycle proteins and signaling pathways, leading to cell cycle arrest.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a prevalent malignancy.
- Green tea extract (GTE) possesses known bioactive compounds with potential anti-cancer properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the anti-cancer effects of GTE on human OSCC cell lines.
- To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of GTE-induced growth inhibition and cell cycle modulation.
Main Methods:
- In vitro culture of CAL-27, SCC-25, and KB OSCC cell lines.
- MTT assay for growth inhibition, flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis.
- Protein chip technique and Western blot for protein expression analysis (CDK4, CDK6, p-PDK1).
Main Results:
- GTE demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation across all tested cell lines, with CAL-27 showing higher sensitivity.
- GTE induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in CAL-27 cells.
- GTE altered the expression of key proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and signaling pathways (EGFR, Notch).
Conclusions:
- GTE exhibits significant anti-proliferative effects against human OSCC cell lines.
- CAL-27 cells are a sensitive model for studying GTE's anti-cancer mechanisms.
- GTE modulates cell cycle progression by affecting specific protein expression and signaling networks, offering potential therapeutic avenues.
