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Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry
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Update on epigenetics in allergic disease.

Hani Harb1, Harald Renz1

  • 1Institute for Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|January 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetics, like DNA methylation, explains how environmental factors trigger chronic inflammatory diseases such as allergies and asthma by altering gene expression. This review highlights recent research on lifestyle influences on these conditions.

Keywords:
DNA methylationEpigeneticsallergyasthmahistone modifications

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Chronic inflammatory diseases, including allergies and asthma, arise from intricate gene-environment interactions.
  • Understanding the biochemical pathways linking environmental triggers to gene expression changes is crucial for explaining disease development.
  • Epigenetics, encompassing DNA methylation and chromatin modifications, offers a framework for these gene-environment interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of recent scientific developments in epigenetics related to chronic inflammatory diseases.
  • To emphasize the role of epigenetics in allergy and asthma research.
  • To explore how various environmental and lifestyle factors influence gene expression in the context of these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on epigenetics and chronic inflammatory diseases.
  • Focus on research investigating the impact of environmental and lifestyle factors on gene expression.
  • Analysis of mechanisms such as DNA methylation and chromatin modifications.

Main Results:

  • Several factors, including allergens, microbes, dietary components (vitamin B12, folic acid, fish oil), obesity, and stress, have been identified as interacting with the gene expression machinery.
  • These interactions can lead to the development or exacerbation of chronic inflammatory conditions.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms are central to mediating the effects of these factors on gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic modifications play a significant role in the development of allergies and asthma.
  • Environmental and lifestyle factors are key modulators of epigenetic processes relevant to chronic inflammation.
  • Further research into these epigenetic mechanisms is essential for developing targeted interventions for allergy and asthma.