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Related Concept Videos

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract01:29

Microbiota of the Respiratory Tract

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The human respiratory tract, comprising the upper and lower segments, serves as a critical interface with the external environment. The upper respiratory tract (URT)—including the nostrils, sinuses, pharynx, and oropharynx—is heavily colonized by microbes, while the lower respiratory tract (LRT), composed of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs, was long thought to be sterile. However, recent molecular studies have revealed that the lungs are not devoid of microbes but act more...
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Asthma I: Introduction01:28

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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...
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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
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Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations01:13

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Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...
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Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
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The microbiome in asthma.

Yvonne J Huang1, Homer A Boushey2

  • 1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New tools reveal microbial communities in the gut and airways are linked to asthma. Understanding the microbiome offers potential for preventing and treating allergic asthma.

Keywords:
Microbiomeallergyasthmabacterial community compositionimmune functionmicrobiota

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Area of Science:

  • Microbial ecology
  • Immunology
  • Allergy research

Background:

  • Culture-independent tools are revolutionizing microbial ecology.
  • Microbiome research initially focused on the gut, but has expanded to airways and immune function.
  • The airway microbiome is increasingly studied in relation to asthma and its phenotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a perspective on airway microbiome differences between asthmatics and healthy individuals.
  • To discuss the relationship between environmental microbiota, gut microbiota, immune function, and asthma development.
  • To outline a rationale for microbiome manipulation in allergic asthma prevention and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of findings from studies on airway and gut microbiomes.
  • Analysis of relationships between microbial communities, immune development, and allergic sensitization.
  • Perspective on directed manipulation of the microbiome for therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Differences exist in the airway microbiome of asthmatic patients compared to healthy subjects.
  • Gut and airway microbiota are implicated in immune function and the development of allergic asthma.
  • Environmental exposures also play a role in shaping the microbiome and asthma risk.

Conclusions:

  • The microbiome, particularly in the gut and airways, is a critical factor in asthma development and allergic sensitization.
  • Targeted manipulation of the gut and airway microbiome presents a promising avenue for preventing and treating allergic asthma.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate these complex interactions and develop effective interventions.