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Natural epigenetic variation in bats and its role in evolution
Sen Liu1, Keping Sun2, Tinglei Jiang2
1Jilin Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin, China Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China.
The Journal of Experimental Biology
|January 9, 2015
Summary
Epigenetic diversity in bats exceeds genetic variation, offering potential for adaptation to environmental change. This epigenetic variance may be inherited across generations, influencing evolutionary trajectories in bat populations.
Area of Science:
- Evolutionary biology
- Epigenetics
- Mammalogy
Background:
- Organisms adapt to environmental change via phenotypic adjustments.
- Epigenetic modifications mediate environmentally induced phenotypic variation, with potential for heritability and evolutionary effects.
- Bats exhibit geographic phenotypic variation and natal philopatry, making them ideal models for studying epigenetic adaptation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore natural epigenetic diversity and structure in female populations of three bat species.
- To investigate the influence of genetic variance and ecological factors on epigenetic diversification.
- To discuss the evolutionary potential of epigenetic variance in bat populations for adaptation.
Main Methods:
- Methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) technique used to analyze epigenetic diversity.
- Assessment of genomic DNA methylation levels.
- Estimation of genetic variance and ecological variables' effects on epigenetic diversification.
Main Results:
- All three bat species (Hipposideros armiger, Rhinolophus pusillus, Miniopterus fuliginosus) exhibit low genomic DNA methylation.
- Extensive epigenetic diversity was observed, surpassing corresponding genetic variance.
- DNA sequence divergence, epigenetic drift, and environmental variables were identified as contributors to epigenetic diversity.
Conclusions:
- Environment-induced epigenetic variation is present in bat populations and may be heritable through mitosis and meiosis.
- Epigenetic processes play a significant role in the adaptation and evolution of bat populations facing environmental challenges.
- Epigenetic variance offers a crucial mechanism for rapid adaptation in response to environmental change.
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