Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Heart Rates01:31

Regulation of Heart Rates

6.4K
The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
The SNS increases heart rate through the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine, which act on beta-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart. This action increases the rate of depolarization in the sinoatrial (SA) node, the heart's...
6.4K
Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

Factors Influencing Heart Rate

7.5K
The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
Let us explore the significant factors affecting heart rate, including age, body temperature, posture, acute pain, chemical influences,...
7.5K
Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output01:19

Cardiac Output I:Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output

3.5K
Cardiac Output
Cardiac output (CO) refers to the total amount of blood ejected by one of the ventricles in liters per minute (L/min). In a resting adult, CO ranges from 5 to 6 L/min, adjusting according to the body's metabolic requirements.
Effect of Heart Rate on Cardiac Output
Cardiac output adapts to metabolic demands during stress, physical activity, or illness. The autonomic nervous system regulates heart rate via the sinoatrial node. The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart...
3.5K
Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle01:25

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

17.1K
The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...
17.1K
Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

3.8K
Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
3.8K
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

6.5K
Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
6.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Medium chain fatty acid sensing receptor GPR84 limits antitumor immunity mediated by CD4 T cells in mice.

ImmunoHorizons·2026
Same author

The 2026 global roadmap for textile-integrated wearable technologies in health.

Physiological measurement·2026
Same author

CD39 mRNA therapy attenuates localized acute inflammation: A novel anti-inflammatory strategy using cationic nanoliposomes.

Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids·2026
Same author

Interpretable graph-based models on multimodal biomedical data integration: a technical review and benchmarking.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Diurnal and sex-specific renal responses to vasopressin receptor 2 agonism and antagonism in mice.

American journal of physiology. Renal physiology·2026
Same author

Innovative γ-Oryzanol and KC2 Based Lipid Nanoparticles: OryKL Platform Provides Safe and Efficient In Vivo mRNA Delivery.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects
06:57

Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects

Published on: February 12, 2021

3.8K

On heart rate regulation in cycle-ergometer exercise.

Ahmadreza Argha, Steven W Su, Sangwon Lee

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
    |January 9, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel biofeedback system using PID or relay controllers to regulate heart rate (HR) during cycle-ergometer exercise. Synchronizing auditory feedback with pedal position enhances training effectiveness and user engagement.

    More Related Videos

    Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training
    07:40

    Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training

    Published on: October 10, 2019

    7.9K
    Real-Time Electrocardiogram Monitoring During Treadmill Training in Mice
    04:45

    Real-Time Electrocardiogram Monitoring During Treadmill Training in Mice

    Published on: May 5, 2022

    3.2K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

    Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects
    06:57

    Effects of Surgical Masks on Cardiopulmonary Function in Healthy Subjects

    Published on: February 12, 2021

    3.8K
    Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training
    07:40

    Impact of High-intensity Interval Exercise and Moderate-Intensity Continuous Exercise on the Cardiac Troponin T Level at an Early Stage of Training

    Published on: October 10, 2019

    7.9K
    Real-Time Electrocardiogram Monitoring During Treadmill Training in Mice
    04:45

    Real-Time Electrocardiogram Monitoring During Treadmill Training in Mice

    Published on: May 5, 2022

    3.2K

    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Exercise Physiology
    • Control Systems

    Background:

    • Heart rate (HR) regulation is crucial for effective exercise training and rehabilitation.
    • Measuring HR is simpler than exercise intensity, making it a common training parameter.
    • Existing control strategies often lack user-specific synchronization for feedback.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a non-model-based control strategy for regulating human heart rate (HR) to a reference trajectory during cycle-ergometer exercise.
    • To investigate the use of proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) and relay controllers for HR regulation.
    • To examine the impact of synchronizing biofeedback timing with pedal position on user engagement and control effectiveness.

    Main Methods:

    • Implementation of a non-model-based control strategy using PID and relay controllers.
    • Development of biofeedback mechanisms, including auditory commands (PID) and special words (relay controller).
    • Analysis of the critical importance of synchronizing feedback signal delivery with user-specific pedal positions.

    Main Results:

    • The study demonstrates the feasibility of using PID and relay controllers for HR trajectory tracking.
    • Effective biofeedback communication requires precise timing relative to pedal position.
    • Synchronization of feedback with optimal pedal placement is critical for user engagement and effective control.

    Conclusions:

    • A synchronized biofeedback system can significantly improve the effectiveness of HR regulation during exercise.
    • User-specific pedal position synchronization enhances the cognitive engagement of the exerciser with the control loop.
    • This approach offers a promising method for personalized and effective exercise training and rehabilitation.