Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Application of Long-term cultured Interferon-γ Enzyme-linked Immunospot Assay for Assessing Effector and Memory T Cell Responses in Cattle
Published on: July 11, 2015
BCG-associated heterologous immunity, a historical perspective: intervention studies in animal models of infectious
Bridget Freyne1, Arnaud Marchant2, Nigel Curtis3
1Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia bridget.freyne@rch.org.au.
Abstract:
The WHO Special Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) review of the available epidemiological and trial evidence in humans concluded that bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination leads to beneficial heterologous ('non-specific') effects, specifically on all-cause mortality. Randomized controlled trials showing this beneficial effect suggest improved survival is the result of enhanced protection against infection. This paper reviews the available evidence for the attenuating effects of BCG vaccine on experimental infections in animal models, including protection from bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi. The reviewed studies suggest that BCG activates multiple immune pathways and that the basis for BCG-associated heterologous immunity may vary by pathogen. Modern immunological and molecular methods, exemplified by 'vaccinomics', are well placed to further investigate the basis of BCG's heterologous effects using a systems biology approach.
Related Concept Videos
B Cell Activation and Differentiation
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Vaccinations
Immunological Memory
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature...
Active versus Passive Immunity
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...

