Association of dietary iron restriction with left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in mice

Several epidemiologic studies have reported that body iron status and dietary iron intake are related to an increased risk of acute myocardial infarction (MI). However, it is completely unknown whether dietary iron reduction impacts the development of left ventricular (LV) remodeling after MI. Here, we investigate the effect of dietary iron restriction on the development of LV remodeling after MI in an experimental model. MI was induced in C57BL/6 J mice (9-11 weeks of age) by the permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). At 2 weeks after LAD ligation, mice were randomly divided into two groups and were given a normal diet or an iron-restricted diet for 4 weeks. Sham operation without LAD ligation was also performed as controls. MI mice exhibited increased LV dilatation and impaired LV systolic function that was associated with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis in the remote area, as compared with the controls at 6 weeks after MI. In contrast, dietary iron restriction attenuated LV dilatation and impaired LV systolic function coupled to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis in the remote area. Importantly, cardiac expression of cellular iron transport proteins, transferrin receptor 1 and divalent metal transporter 1 was increased in the remote area of MI mice compared with the controls. Dietary iron restriction attenuated the development of LV remodeling after MI in mice. Cellular iron transport might play a role in the pathophysiological mechanism of LV remodeling after MI.