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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

3
Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
3
Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

2
An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
2
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
Stroke: Introduction and Types01:29

Stroke: Introduction and Types

2
A stroke is an acute neurological event caused by the sudden disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to rapid loss of neuronal function. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief interruptions can cause irreversible injury within minutes. Strokes are classified into ischemic and hemorrhagic types.Ischemic StrokeIschemic strokes are most common and occur due to arterial occlusion, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This leads to energy failure, ionic...
2
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

3
A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
3
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

1
A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
1

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Author Spotlight: Assessing Ischemic Stroke Damage Through Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model
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Mailuoning for acute ischaemic stroke.

Weimin Yang1, Zhaobo Shi, Hong-Qi Yang

  • 1Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1, Jianshe Road East, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China, 450052.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|January 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Mailuoning shows potential benefits for acute ischaemic stroke, but evidence is limited. High-quality trials are needed to confirm the efficacy of mailuoning for stroke treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pharmacology
  • Evidence-based Medicine

Background:

  • Mailuoning is a common treatment for acute ischaemic stroke in China.
  • Pre-clinical and clinical studies suggest mailuoning may improve circulation and protect tissues.
  • This review updates previous findings with new randomized controlled trial (RCT) data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects and safety of mailuoning (injection or oral liquid) for acute ischaemic stroke.
  • To synthesize evidence from RCTs on mailuoning's efficacy and safety.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive search of multiple databases including Cochrane, MEDLINE, Embase, and Chinese databases up to May 2014.
  • Included RCTs comparing mailuoning with placebo or standard care.
  • Two authors independently selected trials, assessed quality, and extracted data.

Main Results:

  • 21 trials with 1746 participants were included; 6 were new.
  • Most trials (20/21) were of poor quality.
  • While pooled analysis of poor-quality trials suggested improved neurological deficit, one high-quality trial showed no significant benefit.

Conclusions:

  • Insufficient evidence supports the routine use of mailuoning for acute ischaemic stroke.
  • Further large-scale, high-quality RCTs are necessary to establish mailuoning's efficacy and safety.