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Implementation of school based physical activity interventions: a systematic review.

Patti-Jean Naylor1, Lindsay Nettlefold2, Douglas Race2

  • 1School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, PO Box 3015 STN CSC, Victoria BC V8W 3P1, Canada.

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Effective implementation of school-based physical activity (PA) programs is linked to better health outcomes. Key factors influencing implementation include time, resources, and school climate.

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Area of Science:

  • Implementation science in physical activity research.
  • School-based physical activity interventions.

Background:

  • Physical activity (PA) research is increasingly focusing on implementation science.
  • Understanding how to effectively implement school-based PA programs is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence on the implementation of school-based PA models.
  • To examine the relationship between implementation and health outcomes.
  • To identify factors influencing the implementation of these programs.

Main Methods:

  • Searched 7 electronic databases from 1995-2014.
  • Included controlled studies of school-based PA programs for healthy youth (ages 6-18).
  • Analyzed studies linking implementation levels to health outcomes and reported implementation influencing factors.

Main Results:

  • Significant variability existed in assessing health outcomes and implementation.
  • 15 interventions linked implementation to health outcomes, with 11 showing a positive relationship.
  • 29 interventions reported implementation factors, with time, resources, and school climate being most prevalent.

Conclusions:

  • Implementation evaluation is vital for scaling up effective school-based PA interventions.
  • Further research is needed to strengthen the link between implementation and outcomes in this field.
  • Standardizing definitions and measurement of implementation is recommended.