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Updated: Apr 18, 2026

In Vivo Inhibition of MicroRNA to Decrease Tumor Growth in Mice
Published on: August 23, 2019
Testosterone regulates thyroid cancer progression by modifying tumor suppressor genes and tumor immunity
Lisa J Zhang1, Yin Xiong1, Naris Nilubol1
1Endocrine Oncology Branch, Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Core Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA and Laboratory of Proteomics and Analytical Technologies, Advanced Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
Abstract:
Cancer gender disparity has been observed for a variety of human malignancies. Thyroid cancer is one such cancer with a higher incidence in women, but more aggressive disease in men. There is scant evidence on the role of sex hormones on cancer initiation/progression. Using a transgenic mouse model of follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), we found castration led to lower rates of cancer in females and less advanced cancer in males. Mechanistically, less advanced cancer in castrated males was due to increased expression of tumor suppressor (Glipr1, Sfrp1) and immune-regulatory genes and higher tumor infiltration with M1 macrophages and CD8 cells. Functional study showed that GLIPR1 reduced cell growth and increased chemokine secretion (Ccl5) that activates immune cells. Our data demonstrate that testosterone regulates thyroid cancer progression by reducing tumor suppressor gene expression and tumor immunity.
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