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Polymorphonuclear neutrophils: an effective antimicrobial force.

D W Sawyer¹, G R Donowitz, G L Mandell

¹Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908.

Reviews of Infectious Diseases

|November 1, 1989

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Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are crucial for host defense, killing microbes via regulated inflammatory responses. Defects in PMN function lead to severe infections and can worsen inflammatory diseases.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cell Biology

Background:

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are key immune cells involved in host defense.
Their production, deployment, and function are tightly regulated.
PMNs interact with various cell types like macrophages and endothelial cells via cytokines.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize the regulated production and function of PMNs.
To highlight the role of PMNs in host defense against microbial infections.
To discuss the involvement of PMNs in exacerbating certain disease states.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on PMN biology and function.
Analysis of PMN interactions with other cells and signaling molecules.
Examination of clinical implications of PMN defects and inflammatory roles.

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Main Results:

PMNs are guided to infection sites by bacterial products and cytokines.
Microbial killing by PMNs involves both oxygen-dependent and independent mechanisms.
Impaired PMN function is linked to frequent and severe infections.

Conclusions:

PMNs are essential for effective host defense against pathogens.
Dysfunctional PMNs contribute to susceptibility to infections.
PMNs can act as potent inflammatory cells, exacerbating conditions like sepsis and ARDS.