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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug pKa, Lipophilicity and GI pH01:21

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Drug absorption within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a complex process influenced by several critical factors, including the site pH, the drug's dissociation constant (pKa), and the drug's lipophilicity. The GI tract exhibits a pH gradient, with an acidic environment in the stomach and a more alkaline environment in the small intestine. This pH variation directly affects the ionization state of drugs.
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Polymorphism, Amorphism and Pseudopolymorphism01:21

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Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Physicochemical Parameters01:22

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The physicochemical characteristics of drugs play a crucial role in formulating stable and bioavailable drug products. The solubility of a drug, governed by the varying pH along the GI tract and its dissociation constant (pKa), is pivotal in determining its ionization state and absorption rate. Notably, weak acids and bases remain unionized and are absorbed more rapidly.
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Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study
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[Effect of the microencapsulation process parameters piroxicam by complex coacervation].

L Lamoudi1, J-C Chaumeil2, K Daoud1

  • 1Laboratoire des phénomènes de transfert, faculté de génie mécanique et de génie des procédés, université des sciences et de la technologie Houari Boumediene, BP 32 El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Alger, Algérie.

Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises
|January 12, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study optimized piroxicam microencapsulation using a gelatin-acacia system, achieving over 70% efficiency. Optimal parameters included a 5:3 gelatin to acacia ratio and 60 minutes crosslinking time for stable microcapsules.

Keywords:
Agent de réticulationCoacervation complexeComplex coacervationCore/wallCrosslinking agentCrosslinking timeGelatin/acaciaGélatine/acaciaNoyau/paroiPiroxicamTemps de réticulation

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Complex coacervation using a gelatin-acacia system is a method for microencapsulating piroxicam.
  • Piroxicam microencapsulation aims to improve drug delivery and stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and optimize formulation and process parameters for piroxicam microencapsulation.
  • To evaluate the properties of microcapsules produced via complex coacervation.

Main Methods:

  • Studied the impact of gelatin/gum acacia ratio, core/wall ratio, crosslinking agent concentration, and crosslinking time.
  • Evaluated microcapsule properties including shape, coacervation efficiency, diameter, and stability.

Main Results:

  • Microcapsules exhibited a spherical shape with coacervation efficiency exceeding 70% and average diameters below 250 microns.
  • Optimal conditions were identified as a 5:3 gelatin/acacia ratio, 1:4 core/wall ratio, 2 mL crosslinking agent, and 60 minutes crosslinking time.
  • The resulting microcapsules demonstrated good stability.

Conclusions:

  • The gelatin-acacia complex coacervation system is effective for piroxicam microencapsulation.
  • Specific formulation and process parameters significantly influence microcapsule characteristics and efficiency.
  • Optimized microcapsules offer a promising approach for piroxicam delivery systems.