Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Structure and Function of Platelets01:18

Structure and Function of Platelets

7.1K
The cell fragments known as platelets are disc-shaped, with an average diameter of about 3 μm and a thickness of roughly 1 μm. They play a crucial role in the body's vascular clotting system, which also involves plasma proteins, blood cells, and blood vessel tissues.
Platelets are continually replenished, circulating in the bloodstream for 9-12 days before being removed by phagocytes, primarily in the spleen. A microliter of circulating blood contains between 150,000 and 450,000...
7.1K
Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

10.2K
The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
10.2K
Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors01:28

Role of Hematopoietic Growth Factors

4.5K
Hematopoietic growth factors are molecules that regulate the differentiation rate of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Erythropoietin (EPO), primarily produced by the kidneys, plays a crucial role in erythrocyte production. When oxygen levels in the blood are low, EPO is released into the bloodstream, reaching the bone marrow, where it stimulates HSCs to differentiate and mature into erythrocytes, which are vital for oxygen transport.
Thrombopoietin (TPO), mainly released by the liver,...
4.5K
Overview of Hematopoiesis01:20

Overview of Hematopoiesis

12.4K
Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
Initially, HSCs are formed in the embryonic yolk sac, a critical site for early blood cell production. These stem cells subsequently migrate to other...
12.4K
Production of Formed Elements01:34

Production of Formed Elements

7.6K
Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...
7.6K
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis01:20

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Pathways of Hemostasis

16.2K
Blood clotting or coagulation involves extrinsic and intrinsic pathways, which ultimately merge into the common pathway, forming a fibrin clot.
The Extrinsic Pathway
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is typically initiated by tissue damage that exposes blood to tissue factor (TF), a protein released by the damaged tissue cells outside the blood vessels—this interaction with TF triggers biochemical reactions involving specific clotting factors. The key player here is Factor VII, which...
16.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Thrombopoietin, the Primary Regulator of Platelet Production: From Mythos to Logos, a Thirty-Year Journey.

Biomolecules·2024
Same author

Megakaryocytes as the Regulator of the Hematopoietic Vascular Niche.

Frontiers in oncology·2022
Same author

JAK2V617F Mutant Megakaryocytes Contribute to Hematopoietic Aging in a Murine Model of Myeloproliferative Neoplasm.

Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio)·2022
Same author

Cell competition between wild-type and JAK2V617F mutant cells in a murine model of a myeloproliferative neoplasm.

Experimental hematology·2021
Same author

JAK2V617F mutant endothelial cells promote neoplastic hematopoiesis in a mixed vascular microenvironment.

Blood cells, molecules & diseases·2021
Same author

D-Dimer-Driven Anticoagulation Reduces Mortality in Intubated COVID-19 Patients: A Cohort Study With a Propensity-Matched Analysis.

Frontiers in medicine·2021
Same journal

The many facets of cardiopulmonary complications in sickle cell disease.

Seminars in hematology·2026
Same journal

Clonal hematopoiesis in the setting of sickle cell disease and its relevance to curative therapies.

Seminars in hematology·2026
Same journal

Treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms: Exploring new horizons of who and when to cytoreduce in patients with polycythemia vera and essential thrombocytosis.

Seminars in hematology·2026
Same journal

Telomeres biology disorders: the past, the present and the future.

Seminars in hematology·2026
Same journal

Cardiovascular complications in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms: What hematologists need to know.

Seminars in hematology·2026
Same journal

Evolving insights into mitochondrial presence in RBC in sickle cell disease: Red blood cell and reticulocyte pathophysiology, therapeutic strategies, and future directions.

Seminars in hematology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Megakaryocyte Differentiation and Platelet Formation from Human Cord Blood-derived CD34+ Cells
09:46

Megakaryocyte Differentiation and Platelet Formation from Human Cord Blood-derived CD34+ Cells

Published on: December 27, 2017

20.8K

Thrombopoiesis.

Kenneth Kaushansky1

  • 1School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.

Seminars in Hematology
|January 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Platelet production, or thrombopoiesis, is regulated by thrombopoietin. Ongoing research seeks to understand final platelet formation and its role in blood cancers.

More Related Videos

Live-cell Imaging of Platelet Degranulation and Secretion Under Flow
11:42

Live-cell Imaging of Platelet Degranulation and Secretion Under Flow

Published on: July 10, 2017

12.3K
In Vivo Two-photon Imaging of Megakaryocytes and Proplatelets in the Mouse Skull Bone Marrow
07:58

In Vivo Two-photon Imaging of Megakaryocytes and Proplatelets in the Mouse Skull Bone Marrow

Published on: July 28, 2021

5.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Megakaryocyte Differentiation and Platelet Formation from Human Cord Blood-derived CD34+ Cells
09:46

Megakaryocyte Differentiation and Platelet Formation from Human Cord Blood-derived CD34+ Cells

Published on: December 27, 2017

20.8K
Live-cell Imaging of Platelet Degranulation and Secretion Under Flow
11:42

Live-cell Imaging of Platelet Degranulation and Secretion Under Flow

Published on: July 10, 2017

12.3K
In Vivo Two-photon Imaging of Megakaryocytes and Proplatelets in the Mouse Skull Bone Marrow
07:58

In Vivo Two-photon Imaging of Megakaryocytes and Proplatelets in the Mouse Skull Bone Marrow

Published on: July 28, 2021

5.0K

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Platelet production involves hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), marrow microenvironment, and cytokines.
  • Early research identified megakaryocytes as platelet precursors, but lacked a key regulator.
  • In vitro systems and cytokine studies advanced understanding but didn't reveal a physiological regulator.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical understanding and molecular mechanisms of thrombopoiesis.
  • To highlight the discovery and role of thrombopoietin in platelet production.
  • To identify remaining questions in thrombopoiesis research.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of scientific literature on platelet production.
  • Discussion of in vitro culture systems and cytokine identification.
  • Focus on the cloning and characterization of thrombopoietin.

Main Results:

  • Thrombopoietin (TPO) was identified as the primary regulator of platelet production in 1994.
  • TPO's effects on HSC survival, proliferation, differentiation, polyploidy, and proplatelet formation are elucidated.
  • Mechanisms of megakaryocyte cytoplasm fragmentation into platelets are increasingly understood.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding thrombopoiesis since TPO's discovery.
  • Outstanding questions remain regarding signals for final platelet formation.
  • Further research is needed on TPO production regulation and its role in malignant hematopoiesis.