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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Decellularized ECM effects on human mesenchymal stem cell stemness and differentiation.

Sudhakara Rao Pattabhi1, Jessica S Martinez1, Thomas C S Keller1

  • 1Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4340, USA.

Differentiation; Research in Biological Diversity
|January 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Extracellular matrices (ECMs) from different cells guide stem cell behavior. This study shows that cell-specific ECMs can direct human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) differentiation into bone or muscle cells, highlighting ECM

Keywords:
DecellularizationDifferentiationExtracellular matrixMesenchymal stem cellOsteogenesisSmooth muscle cell

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Microenvironment extracellular matrices (ECMs) are crucial for cell functions like adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation.
  • ECMs exhibit distinct compositions and architectures depending on their origin and the cell types that produce them.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of decellularized ECMs from various cell types on the behavior and differentiation of multipotent human mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (hMSCs).
  • To evaluate a cold-EDTA protocol for decellularization, preserving ECM integrity and function.

Main Methods:

  • Decellularization of ECMs deposited by cultured hMSCs, osteogenic hMSCs, and smooth muscle cell (SMC) lines using a cold-EDTA protocol.
  • Culturing early passage ('naïve') hMSCs on these decellularized ECMs.
  • Assessing naïve hMSC proliferation, motility, stemness maintenance, and differentiation into osteogenic or smooth muscle lineages.

Main Results:

  • hMSC-derived ECM promoted naïve hMSC proliferation and motility while maintaining stemness.
  • ECM from early-stage osteogenic hMSCs induced naïve hMSC osteogenesis and biomineralization without dexamethasone.
  • ECM from SMCs induced naïve hMSCs to adopt smooth muscle-like phenotypes.
  • Decellularization efficacy was high with minimal ECM damage and contamination.

Conclusions:

  • Cell-deposited ECMs possess specific instructive cues that dictate stem cell fate.
  • The cold-EDTA decellularization method is effective for generating functional ECMs for stem cell research.
  • ECM specificity is a critical factor in controlling stem cell behavior and differentiation.