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Related Concept Videos

Menopause01:28

Menopause

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Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
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Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of...
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Infertility in Males01:23

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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
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Gonadal and Placental Hormones01:24

Gonadal and Placental Hormones

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The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
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Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

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The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
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Anogenital Distance and Perineal Measurements of the Pelvic Organ Prolapse POP Quantification System
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Spanish consensus on premature menopause.

Nicolás Mendoza1, Ma Dolores Juliá2, Daniela Galliano3

  • 1University of Granada, Obstetric and Gynecologic, Granada, Spain.

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|January 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) management involves hormonal therapy until age 51 for symptom relief and long-term health. Fertility options include oocyte donation or oocyte vitrification for fertility preservation.

Keywords:
Fertility preservationFertility treatmentsHormonal therapyOsteoporosisPremature menopausePrimary ovarian insufficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Gynecology
  • Menopause Studies

Background:

  • Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is characterized by the loss of ovarian function before age 40.
  • Pathogenesis involves reduced primordial follicles, poor recruitment, or accelerated apoptosis, often with unknown causes.
  • The term POI is preferred over premature menopause for its accuracy in describing ovarian function loss variability.

Framework:

  • Consensus-based recommendations from Spanish scientific societies.
  • Focus on diagnosis and treatment strategies for women under 40 with POI.
  • Expert panel from the Spanish Menopause Society, Spanish Fertility Society, and Spanish Contraception Society.

Implementation:

  • Hormonal therapy (HT) is the primary treatment for hypoestrogenism symptoms and long-term health.
  • Recommended HT duration is until at least age 51, the average age of natural menopause.
  • Oocyte/embryo donation is the optimal treatment for achieving pregnancy.

Implications:

  • Informed consent regarding fertility reduction is crucial for patients undergoing treatments impacting ovarian function.
  • Oocyte vitrification is a key technique for ovarian function preservation.
  • Effective management of POI improves quality of life and prevents long-term health consequences.