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Treatment of Chlamydial infections: 2014 update

Stephan A Kohlhoff1, Margaret R Hammerschlag

  • 1SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics , 450 Clarkson Ave., Brooklyn, NY 11203-2098 , USA skohlhoff@downstate.edu.

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy
|January 13, 2015
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Chlamydial infections are treated with antibiotics targeting DNA and protein synthesis. While diagnostics have advanced, treatment options for Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae remain limited, with new drugs in development.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria requiring epithelial cell entry for survival and growth.
  • Persistent, often subclinical infections caused by Chlamydia spp. impact human health.
  • Understanding Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae infections is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review antimicrobial susceptibilities and treatment of genital Chlamydia trachomatis and respiratory Chlamydia pneumoniae infections.
  • To summarize literature published since 2011 on chlamydial infection management.
  • To highlight advances in diagnostics and the status of treatment options.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles published since 2011.
  • Analysis of antimicrobial susceptibilities of Chlamydiae.
  • Evaluation of current and emerging treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Chlamydiae are susceptible to antibiotics like tetracyclines, macrolides, and quinolones.
  • Significant advancements in Chlamydia trachomatis diagnostics have occurred.
  • The first FDA-approved test for Chlamydia pneumoniae detection in respiratory samples is now available.
  • Treatment options for chlamydial infections have seen limited change.

Conclusions:

  • Antibiotics targeting DNA and protein synthesis remain the cornerstone of chlamydial infection treatment.
  • Despite diagnostic progress, therapeutic options for Chlamydia infections are largely unchanged.
  • New antimicrobial agents are in preclinical and early clinical development for chlamydial infections.
Keywords:
Chlamydia pneumoniaeChlamydia trachomatisChlamydiaeantibiotics

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