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Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
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Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the...
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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
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[An update on measles].

M Caseris1, C Burdet1, R Lepeule1

  • 1Service de maladies infectieuses et tropicales, hôpital Bichat-Claude-Bernard, 36, rue Huchard, 75018 Paris, France.

La Revue De Medecine Interne
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Measles, a contagious disease, requires 95% 2-dose vaccination coverage for eradication. Despite global efforts, outbreaks persist, highlighting the need for clinical awareness and vaccination to prevent serious complications.

Keywords:
MeaslesOutbreakRougeoleVaccinationVaccineVirusÉpidémie

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Measles remains a significant public health concern globally.
  • Despite WHO immunization efforts, global vaccination coverage goals are unmet.
  • Outbreaks continue to occur in various regions, including Western Europe.

Purpose:

  • To inform clinicians about measles clinical manifestations and complications.
  • To emphasize the importance of vaccination for measles eradication.
  • To highlight diagnostic and management considerations.

Summary:

  • Measles is highly contagious, necessitating over 95% 2-dose vaccination coverage for eradication.
  • Clinical manifestations include febrile rash, pneumonia, and hepatitis (adults).
  • Complications like encephalitis and pneumonia in pregnant women require specific attention. Diagnosis is clinical, supported by serology. Vaccination is the sole preventive measure.

Impact:

  • Reinforces the critical role of vaccination in controlling and eradicating measles.
  • Underscores the need for heightened clinical vigilance regarding measles and its potential complications.
  • Provides essential information for healthcare professionals managing measles cases and outbreaks.