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Related Concept Videos

DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Cotranslational Protein Translocation01:20

Cotranslational Protein Translocation

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Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Sec61 channel partners for cotranslational translocation
During cotranslational translocation, the Sec61 channel partners with the signal recognition particle (SRP), the signal recognition particle receptor (SR), and the ribosomes to transport the nascent polypeptide chain...
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Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

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Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
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Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane01:28

Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane

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The translocon complex situated on the ER membrane is the main gateway for the protein secretory pathway. It facilitates the transport of nascent peptides into the ER lumen and their insertion into the ER membrane.
Sec61 protein conducting channel
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Transposons01:24

Transposons

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Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
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Probing RNA translocases with DNA.

Kimberly A Reynolds1, Veronica M Raney, Kevin D Raney

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|January 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study explores RNA translocase activity on DNA using chemical probing. Researchers combined potassium permanganate footprinting with rapid mixing to track enzyme movement at nucleotide resolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Some helicases exhibit RNA translocase activity on DNA substrates.
  • Understanding enzyme mechanisms requires precise tracking of molecular interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate RNA translocase activity on DNA substrates.
  • To develop a method for tracking helicase activity with nucleotide resolution.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized potassium permanganate (KMnO4) footprinting to probe DNA conformation and protein binding.
  • Combined footprinting with rapid mixing and chemical quench-flow instrumentation.
  • Applied these methods to study helicase enzymes acting on DNA.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the feasibility of studying RNA translocase activity on DNA substrates.
  • Successfully tracked helicase movement with nucleotide resolution.
  • Provided insights into the conformational changes of DNA during enzyme action.

Conclusions:

  • The combined footprinting and rapid mixing method offers high resolution for studying translocase activity.
  • This approach is valuable for elucidating the mechanisms of helicase enzymes.
  • Further research can utilize this technique to investigate various DNA-protein interactions.