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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

2
An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
2
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

3
Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
3
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

1
Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this...
1
Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology01:21

Cytotoxic Edema: Pathophysiology

1
Cytotoxic edema is a form of cerebral edema characterized by intracellular swelling of neurons, astrocytes, and other glial cells. It develops when the mechanisms responsible for maintaining ionic gradients across the cell membrane become impaired. Under normal physiological conditions, the sodium–potassium ATPase actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, preserving osmotic balance and enabling electrical signaling. This pump requires a continuous...
1
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

3
A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
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Epidermoid causing ischemic stroke in the brainstem.

Raghvendra Ramdasi1, Amit Mahore1, Abhijeet Kulkarni1

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, King Edward Memorial Hospital and Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India.

Case Reports in Neurological Medicine
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intracranial tumors, such as epidermoid cysts, can rarely lead to stroke in children. This study details a pediatric case and reviews the mechanisms of tumor-induced stroke.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Intracranial tumors are an uncommon cause of cerebrovascular events.
  • Epidermoid cysts are congenital tumors that can occur within the central nervous system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of a pediatric patient experiencing stroke secondary to an intracranial epidermoid cyst.
  • To review the existing literature on the pathogenesis of stroke associated with intracranial tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Case report presentation.
  • Comprehensive literature review on intracranial tumors and stroke.

Main Results:

  • An epidermoid cyst was identified as the cause of stroke in a pediatric patient.
  • Literature review confirmed the rare but established association between intracranial tumors and stroke.

Conclusions:

  • Intracranial epidermoid cysts represent a potential, albeit rare, cause of stroke in the pediatric population.
  • Understanding the pathogenesis of tumor-related stroke is crucial for diagnosis and management in pediatric neuro-oncology.