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Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:

Internal Receptors

Internal Receptors

Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.

Intracellular Hormone Receptors

Intracellular Hormone Receptors

Lipid-soluble hormones diffuse across the plasma and nuclear membrane of target cells to bind to their specific intracellular receptors. These receptors act as transcription factors that regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in the target cell

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Sequencing Small Non-coding RNA from Formalin-fixed Tissues and Serum-derived Exosomes from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients

Sequencing Small Non-coding RNA from Formalin-fixed Tissues and Serum-derived Exosomes from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients

Published on: November 19, 2019

Androgen receptor epigenetics.

Changmeng Cai¹, Xin Yuan¹, Steven P Balk¹

¹Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

Translational Andrology and Urology

|January 13, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Androgen receptor (AR) regulates prostate cancer (PCa) gene expression. This review explores how AR

Keywords:

Androgen receptor (AR)epigenetics histone methylation prostate cancer (PCa)transcription

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Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Sequencing Small Non-coding RNA from Formalin-fixed Tissues and Serum-derived Exosomes from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients

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Published on: November 19, 2019

Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

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Published on: September 20, 2018

Systems Biology of Metabolic Regulation by Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer

Systems Biology of Metabolic Regulation by Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer

Published on: March 17, 2016

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Oncology

Background:

The androgen receptor (AR) is a key transcription factor in prostate epithelium differentiation.
AR is implicated in prostate cancer (PCa) development and castration-resistant PCa (CRPC).
AR's role as both a transcriptional activator and repressor is known, but specific PCa-critical genes remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the role of AR interactions with chromatin in PCa development and progression.
To elucidate how chromatin structure influences AR-regulated gene expression in PCa.
To determine the extent of AR functional changes during PCa progression.

Main Methods:

Review of recent literature on AR, chromatin structure, and epigenetic regulation.
Analysis of studies investigating histone modifications and AR function.
Examination of the interplay between DNA methylation, chromatin, and AR in PCa.

Main Results:

Chromatin structure and histone modifications dynamically regulate the spectrum of AR-targeted genes.
AR's interaction with chromatin is crucial for its function in PCa.
Epigenetic mechanisms, including chromatin remodeling, are central to AR's role in PCa progression.

Conclusions:

Understanding AR-chromatin interactions is vital for deciphering AR's role in PCa.
Epigenetic regulation by chromatin structure significantly impacts AR function in prostate cancer.
Further research into AR-chromatin dynamics may reveal new therapeutic strategies for PCa.