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Published on: December 6, 2016
Bone loss in obesity and obstructive sleep apnea: a review of literature
Marlene Chakhtoura1, Mona Nasrallah1, Hassan Chami2,3
1Division of Endocrinology at the American University of Beirut, Beirut Lebanon.
Introduction:
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-related respiratory disorder. It is associated with many endocrinopathies including hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, hypercortisolism, and glucose intolerance that may lead to bone loss with secondary osteoporosis.
Methods:
We report the case of a 41-year-old man who presented with bilateral 9th rib fractures and was found to have obstructive sleep apnea and osteoporosis. We also present a literature review on this topic.
Results:
OSA can lead to bone loss through various mechanisms. Some are shared with obesity, including hypogonadism, altered adrenergic tone, inflammation, oxidative stress, vitamin D deficiency and diabetes mellitus; others are specific to OSA, such as hypoxia and altered glucocorticoids regulation.
Conclusion:
There are no guidelines on screening for osteoporosis in OSA. Further research is needed to assess the incidence of bone loss and fractures in OSA.
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