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Shift-reagent-aided 23Na NMR spectroscopy.

G A Elgavish1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294.

Investigative Radiology
|December 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Monitoring intracellular sodium (Na+i) levels noninvasively using 23Na Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can predict heart recovery after ischemia. This method also reveals sodium accumulation with increased heart rate, linking it to systolic pressure.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Nondestructive monitoring of intracellular sodium (Na+i) is crucial for clinical and biochemical assessments.
  • 23Na is a sensitive Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-observable nuclide, offering a noninvasive approach.
  • Standard 23Na NMR cannot distinguish between intracellular and extracellular sodium due to identical signal frequencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the methodology of shift-reagent-aided 23Na NMR spectroscopy for monitoring intracellular sodium.
  • To demonstrate the application of this technique in isolated perfused rat hearts.
  • To establish the clinical relevance of real-time intracellular sodium monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized paramagnetic dysprosium complexes as shift reagents to differentiate intracellular and extracellular 23Na signals.
  • Employed 23Na NMR spectroscopy for real-time, nondestructive monitoring of intracellular cation concentration.
  • Applied the technique to isolated perfused rat hearts under various physiological conditions (hypoxia, ischemia, reoxygenation, pacing).

Main Results:

  • Shift-reagent-aided 23Na NMR successfully differentiated intracellular and extracellular sodium signals.
  • In hypoxic/ischemic hearts, Na+i levels monitored by NMR predicted recovery following insult.
  • In paced hearts, increased heart rate led to Na+i accumulation, correlating positively with systolic pressure.

Conclusions:

  • Shift-reagent-aided 23Na NMR spectroscopy provides a nondestructive, continuous method for monitoring intracellular sodium levels.
  • NMR-based monitoring of Na+i can predict cardiac recovery post-ischemia.
  • The findings support the Na-pump-lag theory by demonstrating a link between elevated sodium, heart rate, and systolic pressure.

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