Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

1.5K
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
1.5K
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

6
Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH...
6
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

4
Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
4
Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview01:24

Mania and Antimanic Drugs: Overview

802
Mania, a psychological condition characterized by elevated mood, increased energy, and reduced sleep need, is part of the bipolar disorder cycle. The exact cause of mania isn't entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurological factors. Bipolar disorder involves alternating manic and depressive episodes. Mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and anticonvulsants help manage these episodes. Lithium carbonate is particularly effective as...
802
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

5
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor,...
5
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

4
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence...
4

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

How strong is the evidence that the Mediterranean diet is an important factor in depressive symptomatology: A critical analysis.

Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)·2026
Same author

Validation of the Adapted Scale of Perception of Respect for and Maintenance of the Dignity of the Inpatient for Brazilian Portuguese: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

The primary care companion for CNS disorders·2026
Same author

The level of evidence using sleep as a biomarker to distinguish between bipolar and unipolar is still small.

Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews·2025
Same author

In the Assessment of Childhood Maltreatment and Cognitive Function in Bipolar Disorder All Variables Should Be Taken Into Consideration.

Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica·2025
Same author

There is no sufficient evidence to support the use of probiotics supplementation in schizophrenia treatment.

European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience·2025
Same author

Are NLR, PLR and MLR good predictors of suicidality when their values are still placed within the normal range?

Journal of affective disorders·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
04:42

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Published on: May 2, 2025

1.8K

Hyperthyroid rage: when bipolar disorder hides the real disorder.

Wagner de Sousa Gurgel1, Pablo Eduardo Pereira Dutra, Renato Alves Higa

  • 1*Centro Psiquiátrico Rio de Janeiro, Praça Coronel Assunção, S/N, Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, and †Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil.

Clinical Neuropharmacology
|January 13, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Lithium therapy can cause thyroid dysfunction, including thyrotoxicosis. Discontinuing lithium rapidly improved agitation in a patient with schizoaffective disorder, suggesting lithium-induced thyrotoxicosis.

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse
04:05

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

850
An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents
06:55

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents

Published on: December 2, 2015

23.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
04:42

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Published on: May 2, 2025

1.8K
Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse
04:05

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

850
An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents
06:55

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents

Published on: December 2, 2015

23.7K

Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Long-term lithium use is linked to various thyroid dysfunctions, including hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.
  • Lithium is a mood stabilizer commonly prescribed for bipolar disorder and schizoaffective disorder.

Observation:

  • A 19-year-old male with schizoaffective disorder presented with severe psychomotor agitation unresponsive to antipsychotics.
  • Initial labs revealed elevated creatine kinase and free thyroxine levels.

Findings:

  • Replacing lithium with sodium valproate led to rapid improvement in the patient's agitation and tremors.
  • The absence of need for antithyroid drugs supported a diagnosis of lithium-associated thyrotoxicosis with spontaneous remission.

Implications:

  • Lithium-associated thyrotoxicosis can occur even with long-term use and may present with treatment-resistant symptoms.
  • Lithium withdrawal is a potential treatment for lithium-induced thyrotoxicosis, as evidenced by this case and limited prior reports.
  • Clinicians should consider thyroid monitoring in patients on lithium therapy, especially those with unexplained psychiatric symptom exacerbation.