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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...

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Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2011

fMRI functional connectivity applied to adolescent neurodevelopment.

Monique Ernst¹, Salvatore Torrisi, Nicholas Balderston

¹National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; email: ernstm@mail.nih.gov , sam.torrisi@nih.gov , nicholas.balderston@nih.gov , grillonc@mail.nih.gov , elizabeth.hale@nih.gov.

Annual Review of Clinical Psychology

|January 13, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores how intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) using resting-state fMRI advances our understanding of brain development and network organization during adolescence. It examines neuroimaging

Keywords:

development fMRI intrinsic functional connectivity networks resting state

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Neuroscience
Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

Adolescence is characterized by significant behavioral changes explained by neural systems models.
Functional brain connectivity research, especially intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC), has rapidly expanded.
Neuroimaging offers a powerful tool for studying neural systems and brain development.

Purpose of the Study:

To review advances in brain connectivity research using neuroimaging.
To describe functional connectivity approaches for studying neural systems.
To outline developmental trajectories of brain network organization and their implications for psychopathology.

Main Methods:

Focus on intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) findings from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data.
Description of task-based and resting-state fMRI analytic strategies.
Review of recent advances in brain connectivity imaging techniques.

Main Results:

Resting-state fMRI provides insights into the ontogeny of functional neural systems.
General developmental trajectories of brain network organization can be described using iFC.
Neuroimaging can refine neurodevelopmental models of brain function.

Conclusions:

Functional connectivity research, particularly iFC, is crucial for understanding adolescent brain development.
Neuroimaging techniques like fMRI are essential for studying neural systems.
Understanding network development aids in comprehending adolescent psychopathology, such as drug addiction.