Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Gap Junctions

Gap Junctions

Multicellular organisms employ a variety of ways for cells to communicate with each other. Gap junctions are specialized proteins that form pores between neighboring cells in animals, connecting the cytoplasm between the two, and allowing for the exchange of molecules and ions. They are found in a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate species, mediate numerous functions including cell differentiation and development, and are associated with numerous human diseases, including cardiac and...

Gap Junctions

Gap Junctions

The cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells can exchange small molecules, ions, and secondary messengers via the communication channels which form the gap junctions. These junctions comprise a few hundred to thousands of molecular channels, each made of two halves, called the connexon hemichannel. A connexon is a hexamer of six transmembrane connexin proteins, which assemble radially, thus forming a pore or channel in the center. One connexon hemichannel docks with a corresponding connexon on the...

pH Regulation in Cells

pH Regulation in Cells

pH plays a critical role in maintaining normal cellular activities. It helps maintain the structure and function of various proteins, dictates the charge on cellular membranes, and is crucial for metabolic reactions inside the cell. Moreover, cells use the energy from the proton motive force to generate ATP.
Cytosolic pH
Under physiological conditions, the cytosolic pH is slightly more acidic than the extracellular pH. However, cells must prevent further acidification of their cytosol to...

GTPases and their Regulation

GTPases and their Regulation

Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), also known as GTPases, are a superfamily of proteins that regulate many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, vesicular transport, and the regulation of cell shape and motility. Mutation or dysfunction of these proteins can lead to disease. There are around 40,000 known G-proteins that can broadly be classified into two groups ‒ small G-proteins consisting of a single domain and large multi-domain G-proteins.
Large G-proteins,...

GTPases and their Regulation

GTPases and their Regulation

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein....

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Disordered eating in diet-treated inborn errors of metabolism: screening and behavioral insights.

Orphanet journal of rare diseases·2026

Same author

Oxidative and nitrosative damage in multiple sclerosis.

Current opinion in neurology·2026

Same author

Rationale and Design of the MIA Trial: A Proof-of-Concept Study of Minimally Invasive Autopsy in an Infectious Cause of Death in a Scandinavian ICU Setting.

APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica·2026

Same author

Hetero-oligomerization drives structural plasticity of eukaryotic peroxiredoxins.

Nature chemical biology·2026

Same author

In Vivo Monitoring of Energy Metabolism with Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Biosensors.

Annual review of plant biology·2026

Same author

Perceptions of assisted reproductive technologies in wildlife conservation: Public expectations and ethical implications across three EU countries.

PloS one·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Combining Non-reducing SDS-PAGE Analysis and Chemical Crosslinking to Detect Multimeric Complexes Stabilized by Disulfide Linkages in Mammalian Cells in Culture

Combining Non-reducing SDS-PAGE Analysis and Chemical Crosslinking to Detect Multimeric Complexes Stabilized by Disulfide Linkages in Mammalian Cells in Culture

Published on: May 2, 2019

Cytosolic thiol switches regulating basic cellular functions: GAPDH as an information hub?

Thomas Hildebrandt, Johannes Knuesting, Carsten Berndt

Biological Chemistry

|January 13, 2015

Summary

Cytosolic glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) acts as a redox sensor. Its oxidative modifications regulate metabolism, cellular functions, and cell fate decisions in response to cellular stress.

More Related Videos

Resin-Assisted Capture Coupled with Isobaric Tandem Mass Tag Labeling for Multiplexed Quantification of Protein Thiol Oxidation

Resin-Assisted Capture Coupled with Isobaric Tandem Mass Tag Labeling for Multiplexed Quantification of Protein Thiol Oxidation

Published on: June 21, 2021

Targeting Cysteine Thiols for in Vitro Site-specific Glycosylation of Recombinant Proteins

Targeting Cysteine Thiols for in Vitro Site-specific Glycosylation of Recombinant Proteins

Published on: October 4, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Combining Non-reducing SDS-PAGE Analysis and Chemical Crosslinking to Detect Multimeric Complexes Stabilized by Disulfide Linkages in Mammalian Cells in Culture

Combining Non-reducing SDS-PAGE Analysis and Chemical Crosslinking to Detect Multimeric Complexes Stabilized by Disulfide Linkages in Mammalian Cells in Culture

Published on: May 2, 2019

Resin-Assisted Capture Coupled with Isobaric Tandem Mass Tag Labeling for Multiplexed Quantification of Protein Thiol Oxidation

Resin-Assisted Capture Coupled with Isobaric Tandem Mass Tag Labeling for Multiplexed Quantification of Protein Thiol Oxidation

Published on: June 21, 2021

Targeting Cysteine Thiols for in Vitro Site-specific Glycosylation of Recombinant Proteins

Targeting Cysteine Thiols for in Vitro Site-specific Glycosylation of Recombinant Proteins

Published on: October 4, 2017

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Metabolic Regulation

Background:

Cytosolic glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a key glycolytic enzyme found in all organisms.
GAPDH is a primary target for oxidative modifications by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
Its catalytic cysteine residue is susceptible to various thiol modifications, including S-sulfenylation and S-glutathionylation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the mechanisms of GAPDH reactivity with hydrogen peroxide.
To explore the redox-dependent "moonlighting" functions of GAPDH.
To understand GAPDH's role in signaling adaptive responses, metabolic adjustment, or cell death.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on recent discoveries.
Analysis of redox-dependent modifications of GAPDH.
Examination of GAPDH's diverse cellular roles beyond glycolysis.

Main Results:

Oxidative modification of GAPDH reversibly inhibits glycolysis, diverting flux to the pentose-phosphate pathway for NADPH production.
Oxidized GAPDH exhibits novel functions in various cellular compartments, including the nucleus and cytoskeleton.
GAPDH's reactivity with H2O2 triggers distinct cellular outcomes, influencing metabolism and cell fate.

Conclusions:

Cytosolic GAPDH functions as a critical sensor of cellular redox signals.
GAPDH acts as an information hub, transducing redox signals to orchestrate appropriate cellular responses.
These responses range from metabolic adaptation to programmed cell death, depending on the redox state.