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Antimicrobial use in critically ill horses.

Bettina Dunkel1, Imogen C Johns

  • 1Department of Clinical Science and Services, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertforshire, United Kingdom, United Kingdom.

Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (San Antonio, Tex. : 2001)
|January 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antimicrobial resistance is changing horse care, with shorter treatment durations and reserved drugs becoming critical considerations. Evidence-based guidelines for antimicrobial use in horses are limited, especially for gastrointestinal issues.

Keywords:
antibioticsdiarrheaequinepneumoniaprophylaxissepsis

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Equine Infectious Diseases
  • Antimicrobial Stewardship

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern in veterinary medicine, influencing treatment protocols for critically ill horses.
  • Veterinary practices often lack high-level evidence to guide antimicrobial use, leading to common dilemmas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss controversies and provide insights into antimicrobial use in critically ill horses.
  • To highlight challenges in antimicrobial selection and duration of treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive PubMed literature searches from 1970 to the present.
  • Keywords included "horse," "foal," "antimicrobial," "prophylaxis," "infection," "surgery," "sepsis," and "antimicrobial resistance."

Main Results:

  • Increasing antimicrobial resistance necessitates changes in first-line drug choices and shorter treatment durations.
  • Reserved antimicrobials pose dilemmas, and differentiating infectious from non-infectious diseases is challenging.
  • Evidence for antimicrobial use in neonatal sepsis, colic surgery, and colitis is limited, with shorter durations potentially being effective.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence-based recommendations for antimicrobial use in horses are scarce.
  • Antimicrobial treatment is crucial for neonatal sepsis but should be shortened post-recovery.
  • Prophylactic antimicrobial use beyond three days for colic surgery and for adult horses with diarrhea is likely unnecessary.