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Related Concept Videos

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Microelectrode Array Recording of Sinoatrial Node Firing Rate to Identify Intrinsic Cardiac Pacemaking Defects in Mice
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Brugada syndrome in children.

Jane E Crosson1, Melanie Nies

  • 1Pediatric Cardiology, Bloomberg Children's Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy
|January 14, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Brugada syndrome, an inherited heart rhythm disorder, rarely affects children but can cause sudden death. Increased awareness and genetic testing may lead to more pediatric diagnoses.

Keywords:
Brugada syndromeECGSCN5AST elevationchildrendefibrillatorgenetic syndromequinidinesudden deathventricular tachycardia

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Brugada syndrome is a genetic arrhythmia linked to ST elevation and sudden cardiac death.
  • Sudden cardiac death typically occurs around age 40, with pediatric cases being uncommon.
  • Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for managing inherited cardiac conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the rarity of Brugada syndrome in pediatric populations.
  • To emphasize the potential impact of genetic testing and increased awareness on pediatric diagnoses.
  • To underscore the importance of recognizing Brugada syndrome in children.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Brugada syndrome.
  • Analysis of reported pediatric cases and their outcomes.
  • Discussion of diagnostic advancements, including genetic testing.

Main Results:

  • Brugada syndrome is predominantly diagnosed in adults, with pediatric cases being infrequent.
  • Characteristic ECG findings include ST elevation in right precordial leads.
  • Genetic mutations are a key factor in the inheritance of Brugada syndrome.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric Brugada syndrome, though rare, requires heightened clinical suspicion.
  • Advances in genetic testing are expected to increase the identification of Brugada syndrome in children.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management are vital to prevent sudden cardiac death in affected children.