4D DSA a new technique for arteriovenous malformation evaluation: a feasibility study

Carolina Sandoval-Garcia1, Kevin Royalty2, Pengfei Yang3

  • 1Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

Summary

Four-dimensional digital subtraction angiography (4D DSA) offers superior visualization of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) angioarchitecture compared to conventional 2D and 3D DSA. This advanced technique aids in better understanding AVMs for treatment planning.