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The relationship between Graves' ophthalmopathy and dry eye syndrome
Jessica H Selter1, Anisa I Gire2, Shameema Sikder2
1Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Background:
A complex relationship between Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) and dry eye syndrome exists. New research brings more insight into the association between these two diseases.
Methods:
A review of the literature was conducted using the query terms "Graves' Ophthalmopathy", "Thyroid Eye Disease", and "Dry Eye" in MedLine (PubMed) and Scopus. A total of 55 papers were reviewed. Case reports were excluded.
Conclusion:
This review paper shows the close relationship between dry eye syndrome and GO. The underlying mechanisms behind their association suggest mechanical impairment of orbital muscles and immune-mediated lacrimal gland dysfunction as the causes of dry eye in GO patients. However, there are a variety of treatment options available for patients with GO with signs of dry eye, which help combat this issue.
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